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Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy): addiction, symptoms and treatment
Medical expert of the article
Last reviewed: 07.07.2025
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA - more commonly known as ecstasy, or Adam, or "E") is an amphetamine analogue. MDMA is usually taken in pill form. It has both stimulant and hallucinogenic properties. Long-term use can lead to dependence.
MDMA is often used in dance clubs, concerts, and rave parties. Ecstasy produces a state of excitement, disinhibition, and enhances physical sensations. Like amphetamines, ecstasy increases energy, but to a much lesser extent. Unlike amphetamines, MDMA use is not associated with unsafe sexual behavior that leads to the spread of sexually transmitted infections. Although the toxic effects of this drug remain controversial, the death of brain cells caused by typical amphetamines has not been identified. The effects are intermittent, and episodic use is not necessary. Rarely, fulminant liver failure may occur. Chronic, repeated use may cause the same problems as with amphetamines. Some develop paranoid psychosis. With repeated, frequent use, cognitive decline may also occur.
[ Addiction Treatment
Treatment for addiction is much the same as for amphetamines, although treatment for acute overdose is rarely required.