Liver cancer treatment

Unfortunately, liver cancer is rarely diagnosed at an early stage; liver cancer treatment begins when the disease has already spread and metastasized. The structure of the liver, namely the network of blood vessels and bile ducts in the liver, complicates surgical resection. Very often, liver tumor removal is not feasible due to the disease being at an advanced stage. In such cases, liver cancer treatment consists of maintaining the patient's satisfactory well-being and maximizing life extension, if possible.

The liver is the main filter of our body, which constantly purifies the blood inside our body. It is due to this function of the liver that toxins and other chemicals that our body does not need are removed from our blood. For this reason, the liver is susceptible to many diseases, the most complex of which is liver cancer. According to the degree of spread, liver cancer is divided into primary and metastasized into a malignant tumor. As practice shows, the latter option, unfortunately, is the most common. There are several types of tumors that may be able to develop in liver cells. The likelihood of recovery largely depends on the type of tumor. Benign liver tumors include:

• fibroma;
• liver adenoma;
• leiomyoma;
• lymphoma;
• cyst;
• hemangioma;
• tumor-like formation.

In practice, treatment of benign tumors consists of their removal.

Malignant tumors of the liver include:

• cholangiocarcinoma;
• hepatocellular carcinoma.

The most common reasons for the development of liver tumors are quite banal - systematic alcohol consumption, chronic infections, as a result of hepatitis type B or C, hemochromatosis, cirrhosis of the liver, genetic defects of the liver, the concentration of carcinogenic substances in the liver, metabolic disorders, the use of anabolic steroids.

Let us consider in more detail the methods of diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer in the modern conditions of development of medicine in the field of oncology.

Diagnosis of liver cancer

Diagnostics and, as a consequence, treatment of liver cancer in the early stages is complicated by the identity of symptoms with manifestations of chronic liver diseases, such as hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver. And already, when the tumor increases in size, when its size interferes with the organs located nearby, clinical changes in the liver are quite obvious. With primary signs, the body informs us about the existing problem, requires paying attention to the liver. Unreasonable weakness, lack of appetite, weight loss, rapid fatigue, sharp pain below the right hypochondrium, loose stools - all these are the primary signs of liver cancer. The main function of the liver is also impaired - the secretion of bile into the intestine, which provokes the coloring of the skin in a yellow color, dryness and itching of the skin, mucous membranes. Very often there is a slight, but systematic increase in the patient's body temperature to 37ºС. The liver capsule contains numerous nerve endings, irritating which the enlarged liver provokes sharp pain in the liver area.

During a visual examination of a patient with liver cancer, the following are noticeable:

• an increase in the size of the lower edge of the liver to a fairly large size;
• yellowing of the eyeballs and skin;
• constant sharp pain in the abdominal area.

If symptoms similar to those described above are detected, a specialist examination is necessary in order to determine the correct diagnosis and prescribe timely treatment. The choice of the patient's diagnostic method depends on the symptoms and primary signs.

The most inexpensive and accessible diagnostic method is ultrasound examination or simply ultrasound. The degree of correctness of liver cancer diagnosis by this diagnostic method is more than 80%.

The modern method of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography allows to determine the exact location of the tumor, the formation of metastases in neighboring organs, to indicate the probability of involvement of the liver vessels in the tumor. These methods allow to establish the correct diagnosis quite accurately, which accordingly helps the specialist to prescribe the correct course of treatment.

Liver scintigraphy is a new method of liver cancer diagnostics. A radioactive isotope is injected intravenously, which allows several types of X-ray images to be taken, allowing the specialist to determine the degree of the patient's condition and then prescribe liver cancer treatment. Scintigraphy allows examining the general condition of the liver, its pathologies, and the liver vessels.

The use of the laparoscopy method makes it possible to quickly and painlessly make a correct diagnosis. The essence of the laparoscopy method is the introduction of a special device with a camera into the abdominal cavity through a small incision, examination of the tumor on the monitor and collection of a tissue sample for examination. With the help of the laparoscopy method, small tumors are effectively detected, the degree of liver cirrhosis is determined. Laparoscopy is one of the modern diagnostic methods, widely used in oncology clinics in Israel, Germany, Russia and Ukraine.

One of the most progressive methods confirming the diagnosis of liver cancer, according to experts, is a puncture biopsy. This diagnostic method is popularly called "puncture". Its essence consists of taking liver tissue with a puncture needle and then performing histological analysis, which reveals a complete picture of the general condition of the liver, the degree of liver disease. Biopsy is the only diagnostic method that allows us to distinguish between benign and malignant tumors.

When diagnosing, it is very important to conduct a general blood and urine test. Liver tests. Biochemical data analysis is especially important when determining the course of treatment, since the degree of possible complications is high. The so-called liver tests reflect data on the level of bilirubin and specific enzymes ALT, AST.

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Liver cancer treatment methods

Currently, leading oncologists have identified several main methods for treating liver cancer:

• surgical method or transplantation;
• radiation method;
• drug therapy or chemotherapy.

Often, several methods of treating liver cancer can be used simultaneously. Choosing the right method of treating liver cancer guarantees the best result. In particularly severe cases, the liver tumor cannot be removed completely. In order to prevent further development of the tumor, the maximum part of it is removed. The use of the palliative treatment method in the early stages of liver cancer treatment alleviates the general symptoms. The most likely possibility of complete recovery is provided by surgical removal of the liver tumor or liver transplantation. Often, complete removal of the tumor is practically impossible due to its increased size, the spread of the tumor to nearby organs. In practice, liver transplantation is a rather complex operation, not only in the technique of execution, but also in the selection of a donor and postoperative rehabilitation.

In the treatment of liver cancer, the method of ablation and embolization is also very often used. The essence of these methods is the destruction of the liver tumor without surgical intervention, by introducing alcohol or freezing. The blood supply to the diseased liver is disrupted by ligating the artery feeding the tumor. Similarly, the lumen of the artery is blocked by the introduction of drugs of targeted action.

The use of chemoembolization - a combination of chemotherapy and embolization, is much more effective than the use of embolization alone.

Radiation therapy allows you to stop the development of liver tumors, significantly reduce their size. The method of radiation therapy is related to auxiliary, since it is impossible to completely cure liver cancer with its help. With this method, it is very important to comply with the recommended doses of radiation, since healthy liver tissues can be damaged. In practice, radiation therapy is used to relieve pain. The use of the radiation therapy method entails the occurrence of possible side effects in the form of loss of appetite, shortness of breath, baldness, vomiting, fatigue, nausea, bleeding, ulcers in the mouth and many others that occur individually.

Practice shows that the use of chemotherapy, through the introduction of antitumor drugs in the treatment of liver cancer, does not give the expected results. The most effective of the common ones can be called:

• doxorubicin;
• cisplatin.

The effect of these drugs is due to the alleviation of the general condition and prolongation of the patient's life. Specialists classify the chemotherapy method as auxiliary, basically, the use of such drugs helps to achieve better results in the treatment of liver cancer. Also, it should be noted that side effects may occur after the use of the chemotherapy method.

The guarantee of successful treatment of liver cancer is, first of all, the detection of symptoms at an early stage, timely diagnosis, and correct diagnosis.

Liver cancer treatment in Israel

Modern developments in the field of oncology have recently been widely used by various clinics. As a rule, each individual clinic offers patients both traditional and well-known methods of treating liver cancer, as well as new developments by oncologists. Below we will consider the main methods of treating liver cancer in the most famous oncology clinics in Israel, Germany, and Russia.

In the last decade, Israeli oncologists have made significant advances in the development of cancer treatment methods, including liver cancer treatment. This explains the leading position of Israeli clinics in the field of oncology. Direct participation of the state in the development of oncological scientific developments has enabled Israeli oncologists to make significant discoveries in oncology. The developments of Israeli oncologists are successfully used in leading world clinics. The high efficiency of liver cancer treatment in Israeli oncology clinics is recognized by the world community.

HERZLIYA MEDICAL CENTER (Herzliya Medical Center, HADASSA MEDICAL CENTER, RAMBAM MEDICAL CENTER HAIFA (Rambam Medical Center) - leading medical centers in Israel, whose highly qualified specialists carry out all possible methods of diagnosis, treatment of oncological diseases, including treatment of liver cancer. Leading specialists, experienced medical staff - guarantee an exceptionally high level and effectiveness of treatment. The material and technical equipment of medical centers in Israel allows for high-quality diagnostics of liver cancer: blood test for tumor marker levels, ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, biopsy, laparoscopy, blood test for alpha-fetoprotein, angiogram. One of the latest developments of Israeli oncologists - angiogram - allows diagnosing metastases and assessing the feasibility of surgical intervention, through X-ray examination of the blood vessels of the liver. The main method of treating liver cancer in Israeli clinics are surgical resection, if there are no contraindications, often used together with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Liver transplantation is successfully performed in the clinics, the high level of efficiency in this area is officially confirmed and recognized throughout the world. The use of advanced methods for reducing tumors by using chemotherapy, cryotherapy, radiation therapy, vascular embolization. The method of selective internal radiation therapy SIRT-therapy is one of the effective methods of treating liver cancer, used in Israeli medical centers since 2004. Its essence lies in the selective irradiation of the liver tumor with microscopic radioactive spheres. In the early stages of the disease, targeted therapy is widely used - targeted action only on liver tumor cells, in order to block the growth and further destruction of the tumor, while other tissues of the body are not affected.

The cost of diagnostics and treatment of liver cancer in Israeli clinics is significantly lower than the cost of treatment in leading clinics in Western Europe and the USA. The price range of Israeli oncology clinics is approximately:

• liver cancer diagnostics
  • computed tomography - from $250 to $1800,
  • Magnetic resonance imaging MRI - from $1,300 to $1,500
  • detailed biochemical blood test, liver function, general blood test - from $350 to $600
  • histological analysis - from $900-2500
• liver cancer treatment
  • organ-preserving surgery to remove liver cancer - from $8,000 to $12,000
  • liver tumor removal - from $20,000 to $35,000
  • Liver cancer treatment using cryotherapy - from $12,000 to $18,000
  • Liver transplantation - from $65,000

Liver cancer treatment in Germany

The advantages of liver cancer treatment in Germany are quite obvious - German oncology clinics have long deservedly occupied leading positions in the field of oncology, medical centers offer treatment of almost any oncological diseases, including liver cancer treatment, under the supervision of highly qualified oncologists in Europe, many of whom are Nobel laureates. Medical centers are equipped with all the necessary diagnostic equipment and the most modern operating rooms.

Katholische St. Lukas Gesellschaft (St. Lukas Medical Center RUCCC), Klinikum Friedrichshafen (Clinical Center of the City of Friedrichshafen), Nord-West-Krankenhaus (Nord-West Clinic) - these are just a few of the leading oncology centers in Germany. Qualified specialists of German oncology centers guarantee highly accurate diagnostics and effective treatment of liver cancer. High efficiency of liver cancer treatment is achieved by developing an individual treatment plan in accordance with interdisciplinary and intersectoral cooperation, in accordance with internationally recognized standards. Medical oncology centers provide comprehensive treatment of liver cancer at any stage of tumor development in accordance with the requirements of international standards using the latest innovative methods in the field of oncology. Carrying out diagnostics at the interdisciplinary level - a council of oncologists and hematologists, surgeons, radiologists and immunologists - allows you to make the correct diagnosis and, accordingly, determine the most effective course of treatment in each specific case. Very often, patients need surgery along with complex treatment of liver cancer. Experienced surgeons at oncology centers perform highly complex surgical resections of liver cancer tumors, using the latest knowledge and technological advances in modern oncology, thereby ensuring an optimal outcome of the liver cancer treatment process. German oncology centers practice two main types of surgical resections:

• lobectomy - removal of the part of the liver affected by the tumor;
• hemihepatectomy - removal of a large part of the liver, anatomically isolated.

The latest development of German oncologists is considered to be a new method of treating liver cancer, "targeted molecular therapy". The main advantage of this method is the targeted attack of liver cancer cells at the molecular level, acting only on the tumor, without affecting the cells of the body organs that are not susceptible to the tumor. This method is essentially similar to a similar method of Israeli oncologists, "targeted therapy".

The only way to treat advanced liver cancer is by transplantation, which at the current stage of oncology development is a progressive method of treating liver cancer. Liver transplantation in German clinics is performed as follows: through an L-shaped incision in the abdominal wall, the hepatic vessels are crossed, and the patient's liver is removed, transplantation is performed, bile and vascular anastomoses are formed, while the outflow of bile is directed to the intestine. Until the transplanted liver is fully functioning, its function is performed by the "artificial liver" device.

Today, the average cost of diagnostics and treatment of liver cancer in oncology centers in Germany is approximately:

• oncological diagnostics - from 2500€
• liver tumor removal - from €15,000 to €25,000
• liver transplantation - from 180,000€ to 250,000€

Oncology medical centers in Germany are generally recognized as the standard of professionalism, highly qualified specialists, high level of equipment and medical technology, which actually explains the rather high cost of treatment.

Liver cancer treatment in Russia

Despite the modern development of oncology, unfortunately, there are still many questions about the treatment of liver cancer. The complex method of treating liver cancer using surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, does not always meet expectations, very often the effectiveness of treatment remains at a low level. Scientists from leading research institutes and medical centers are involved in solving this problem, oncologists in Russia are also actively involved in solving oncology problems.

The first specialized oncology center in Russia, the Clinic of Oncological Immunology and Cytokine Therapy, along with generally accepted methods for treating liver cancer, widely uses a new, unique in its essence, “cytokine therapy method”.

Cytokine therapy can be used in combination with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or as a separate course of treatment before or after surgery.

The essence of cytokine therapy is the synthesis of cytokines by blood cells, which ensure the transmission of regulatory signals between cells and thus the receptors affect the cells, regulating a wide range of processes in the patient's body. Several main advantages of cytokine therapy can be identified:

• targeted action on tumor cells, the effectiveness of the method is approximately 40-65%, depending on the degree of development of the tumor, its location, and the general condition of the patient;
• preventive effect on relapses and metastases;
• in combination with chemotherapy or radiation therapy, a stable antitumor effect is achieved; the effectiveness of combining these methods increases accordingly by 15-20%;
• can be used by patients with severe pathology;
• reduction of side effects of chemotherapy;
• ease of administration of drugs - subcutaneously and intramuscularly;

The oncological drug Refnot, which is obtained by synthesizing the gene of tumor necrosis factors, thymosins-alpha 1 TNF-T, has recently become widespread. Another equally promising oncological drug is Interferon-gamma. The drugs have been clinically tested at the Russian Oncology Research Center named after N. N. Blokhin and the Research Institute of Oncology named after N. N. Petrov, and official use of these drugs has been approved. Refnot and Interferon-gamma stabilize the general state of the immune system by activating the immune system's own cells, as well as combining with tumor cell receptors and launching a whole system of mechanisms that destroy tumor cells and damage the genetic substrate at the DNA and RNA level.

Surgical treatment of liver cancer

Of all the known methods of liver cancer treatment in modern medicine, only surgical resection, or simply put - tumor removal or liver transplantation, gives encouraging chances for a good result. The probability of a positive result is possible only with precise resection of probable tumor foci from the liver, only in this case - the patient's chance of survival increases several times.

The concept of surgical resection is a partial removal of a small part of the liver. This surgical operation may be performed in cases where it is necessary to achieve precise excision of tumors and at the same time preserve a sufficient volume of viable liver tissue. In real practice, unfortunately, liver tumors in most situations are almost impossible to completely excise. Often, a malignant tumor has already metastasized, is very enlarged in size, has multiple foci, all this greatly complicates the treatment of liver cancer. In addition, the operation is made impossible by the presence of other concomitant diseases in the patient; 80% of patients have progressive cirrhosis of the liver. With a complex form of cirrhosis, even partial removal of the liver will not allow the liver to fully perform its functions after surgical resection. As a rule, with progressive cirrhosis, surgical resection is performed with an insignificant tumor so that the volume of a fully functioning liver is sufficient. Based on the conducted analyses and clinical indications, an analysis of liver viability is performed according to the Child-Pugh scale, which determines the degree of cirrhosis development. In case of type A cirrhosis, surgical resection is possible, in case of type B, resection is most likely impossible, in case of type C, surgical intervention is generally contraindicated.

Surgical liver resection is a very complex technical operation that requires a highly qualified specialist. Often, with liver cancer, the tumor is in the metastasis stage, respectively, nearby organs or parts of the liver are also damaged by the tumor. Therefore, the accuracy of the resection depends on the professionalism of the surgeon, in order to preserve the maximum volume of a healthy liver. The main function of the liver is to filter the blood of the whole body, as a result, an active blood supply passes through the liver, for this reason, severe bleeding is possible after surgery. The liver in a normal state produces a compound that forms a blood clot. Which again threatens possible profuse bleeding, both before and after the resection. Other possible complications are common to all surgical interventions, this includes congestive pneumonia, postoperative infections, complications from anesthesia. An alarming fact is that after the resection, the remaining healthy part of the liver very often hides a concomitant disease in its tissue, for example, cirrhosis, which can provoke a relapse of liver cancer.

Minor tumors, and as a consequence the possibility of liver transplantation, are the best option for treating liver cancer. Thus, if the total size of the tumor is about 5-6 cm, including foci and no metastases to blood vessels, then liver transplantation is quite acceptable. In this case, the probability of a positive outcome of the transplantation is quite high.

Very often, transplantation is performed in cases of a tumor that cannot be completely removed, or due to a general dysfunction of the liver tissue.

Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network USA Donor Network – according to this organization, in 2009, liver transplantation was performed on 1800 patients with liver cancer. A high survival rate among them is noted – more than 70%, a decrease in the risk of secondary tumor occurrence and full functioning of the transplanted liver is also noted.

The sad fact is that liver transplants are very limited. There are only 6,000 donor organs available worldwide each year, most of which are transplanted to patients with other liver diseases because the success rate of liver cancer transplants is not very high.

Transplantation, like surgical resection, is a general type of surgery that carries the possibility of very serious side effects, along with side effects, other risks are possible.

Treatment of liver cancer with folk methods

Since ancient times, our ancestors began treating liver cancer with the use of the healing properties of medicinal plants. This explains the diversity and multitude of all kinds of recipes and practices for treating liver cancer in folk medicine. Often, the result of such treatment was effective, giving a complete recovery to the patient. Medicinal plants used in such treatment at different stages of liver cancer treatment not only restrain the increase in tumor size, but are also able to destroy tumor cells, allowing healthy cells to recover.

With the help of herbs and plants, you can help the body restore the immune system and correct possible failures in protective functions.

Let's take a closer look at the most effective recipes for treating liver cancer using folk methods. But before we begin, it would be a good idea to remind you that any folk methods for treating liver cancer are best used under the supervision of a specialist.

In folk medicine, there are many recipes for treating liver cancer that use propolis. Indeed, liver tumors can be effectively treated with propolis. Propolis is a powerful natural antibiotic. It has been noted that propolis prevents liver tumors from multiplying, promotes the development of new cells, thereby restoring the liver. To treat primary liver cancer, propolis is used in its pure form - an hour before meals, take 5-7 grams orally, take daily up to 6 times a day.

You can make oil from propolis. To do this, you need 1 kg of unsalted butter and 160 g of propolis. Melt the butter and bring to a boil, remove from heat and grate the propolis. Make a homogeneous mass from this - stir for 30 minutes at +85ºС. Take the oil one tablespoon before meals, five times a day.

In folk medicine, surgical intervention methods are not practiced, then the diseased organ is affected by ointments from the outside. Liver cancer can be treated with ointment compresses. To prepare the ointment, 10 grams of veselka mushroom spore powder are mixed with 100 grams of heated 15% propolis oil. The cooled ointment is used as a compress on the liver area.

There are known cases when treating liver cancer with hemlock resulted in complete recovery. To prepare the remedy, pour 2 glasses of vodka into a three-liter jar, finely chop the stems and shoots of hemlock, fill the jar a third with them, pour vodka to the full volume. Close the lid tightly and leave in a cool place for two weeks. The tincture should be shaken daily. Take every day in the morning on an empty stomach according to the following scheme:

• 1 day - 1 drop in a cup of water;
• Day 2 – 2 drops in a cup of water;
• Day 3 – 3 drops in a cup of water.

Increase the dose to forty drops. On the forty-first day, count down until you reach one. Repeat with a short break 2-3 times in a row.

Common cabbage is known for its antitumor properties. The availability of this vegetable allows you to eat both the cabbage itself and the juice prepared from it without restrictions. It is advisable to let the juice stand before drinking. There are no contraindications for this product.

Celandine has many medicinal properties, is used in the treatment of many diseases, including liver cancer. To prepare the tincture, celandine roots are collected in mid-May. The peeled, dried for 2-3 hours roots are ground in a meat grinder, the resulting gruel is squeezed through cheesecloth into a liter container. Add 0.5 liters of vodka to 0.5 liters of the resulting juice, close and put in the basement for 21 days. Take the medicine 1 teaspoon 4 times a day an hour before meals, wash down with water, for 2 weeks. Then replace the teaspoon with a tablespoon and drink until complete recovery.

Even after a disappointing medical diagnosis that leaves no chance for the patient, the last hope still remains. This case is very often used by dishonest "healers" and "witch doctors", whose main goal is to get rich on someone else's misfortune. Stories about "miraculous remedies" are usually spread by word of mouth, so we can conclude that this information is credible, witnesses or eyewitnesses of miraculous transformations are often not seen. If everything were so simple, then the problems of oncology would have long been forgotten. All "miraculous remedies" are available to most people, celandine, mushrooms, using various herbs, oncologists around the world would have long cured everyone in need. Treatment with folk remedies has more of a psychological effect than a therapeutic one.

Treatment of liver cancer of various degrees

Depending on the stage of tumor development, liver cancer treatment may consist of:

• surgical treatment;
• radiation therapy;
• chemotherapy.

If we specify the listed methods, we can highlight:

• liver transplant;
• radiofrequency ablation;
• chemoembolization;
• radioembolization.

The most effective method of treating stage I and II liver cancer is generally recognized to be liver transplantation. Next in terms of effectiveness is surgical resection. Both methods are complicated by the impossibility of diagnosis at early stages, and the functional characteristics of the liver.

Chemoembolization or regional chemotherapy is a method of treating stage II and III liver cancer when transplantation and surgical treatment methods cannot be used.

Radioembolization is similar to chemoembolization in its technique. This method has not been sufficiently studied, so it is difficult to talk about its effectiveness at the moment.

Systemic chemotherapy and radiation are less effective in treating liver cancer and are mostly used in combination with other treatments. Common chemotherapy agents include:

• doxorubicin
• cisplatin

The new drug "Sorafenib" is more effective than the above-mentioned drugs.

Experts divide stage IV liver cancer into IVa and IVb.

Surgical treatment is no longer possible in most cases of stage IV liver cancer. Chemoembolization or symptomatic treatment is mainly used in treatment.

In general, the prognosis for liver cancer is very unfavorable. The average life expectancy for liver cancer is no more than 5 years for 10% of patients. In cases where treatment is started at the early stages of the disease, the five-year survival rate increases by approximately 40%.

Dietary nutrition in the treatment of liver cancer

Undoubtedly, liver cancer treatment is much more effective if the patient systematically adheres to a healthy diet. It is generally accepted that dietary nutrition and naturopathy help in the treatment of liver cancer. All food products recommended for consumption by patients diagnosed with liver cancer can be divided into the following groups by the degree of culinary processing:

• unprocessed and minimally processed - fresh fruits and vegetables, nuts, olives, yogurt, kefir, seeds, natural mineral water, grain sprouts, muesli, unrefined vegetable oil;
• moderately processed - noodles, wholemeal pastries, bread, buckwheat, millet, cereals, boiled fruits, boiled vegetables, cheese, cottage cheese, peas, lentils, eggs, meat, fruit and herbal teas, natural honey.
• heavily processed - baked goods made from premium flour, white and brown bread, canned vegetables and fruits, jams, fruit nectars, refined fats and oils, chips, meat products, canned meat, black tea, coffee, beer, wine.

Patients are not recommended to consume canned milk, sugar, products oversaturated with starch, lemonade, artificial sugar, sweet carbonated drinks, lemonade, frozen meals and strong alcohol. The last product is completely unacceptable.

The division of products is quite arbitrary, each patient has an individual diet, but the general concepts of proper nutrition are the same for everyone:

• eating whole grain bread;
• consumption of raw plant products;
• limited consumption of eggs, meat and fish.
• limited consumption of thermally processed fats and oils;
• complete elimination of sugar from the diet;
• exclusion of alcohol and coffee;
• start eating raw foods;
• the portions of the dishes are moderate and varied;
• eat often, but in small quantities, chewing thoroughly;
• Never ignore the feeling of hunger.

The most useful combination of products for a patient with liver cancer is divided into the following groups:

• potatoes, eggs, dairy products;
• meat in small quantities, cereals and bread, milk, fish.

The use of sugar substitutes in food is completely excluded. Only non-carbonated mineral water and herbal tea are used as thirst quenchers.

Proper dietary nutrition in the treatment of liver cancer is, first of all, a constructive approach to the nutrition system as a whole, which takes into account all possible restrictions and recommendations in each specific case.

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