All iLive content is medically reviewed or fact checked to ensure as much factual accuracy as possible.
We have strict sourcing guidelines and only link to reputable media sites, academic research institutions and, whenever possible, medically peer reviewed studies. Note that the numbers in parentheses ([1], [2], etc.) are clickable links to these studies.
If you feel that any of our content is inaccurate, out-of-date, or otherwise questionable, please select it and press Ctrl + Enter.
The greater and lesser rhomboid muscles
Medical expert of the article
Last reviewed: 04.07.2025
Large and small rhomboid muscles - m. rhomboideus major et minor
They move the scapula toward the spine and partly upward. They also rotate the scapula medially, lowering the glenoid cavity downward. These muscles assist in strong adduction and extension of the shoulder, stabilizing the scapula.
Origin: spinous processes of the VI-VII cervical vertebrae and I-IV thoracic vertebrae.
Attachment: Margo medialis scapulae
Innervation: spinal nerves C5-C6 - n. dorsalis scapulae
Diagnosis: The rhomboid muscles are best examined with the patient seated in a chair with the arms hanging forward. In this position, the scapulae are spread apart. Trigger zones are palpated along the medial border of the scapula. Deep palpation of the trigger zone can elicit referred pain, but a local spasmodic response is extremely rare. Once the boundaries of the rhomboid muscles have been defined, the examiner can identify the taut bands containing the trigger zone by deep palpation across the muscle fibers with the patient in a comfortable position.
Referred pain: Concentrated along the vertebral edge of the scapula between the scapula and the paravertebral muscles.