Inoculation from typhoid fever

Typhoid fever is an intestinal infection, endemic in many developing countries. In recent years, epidemics of typhoid fever have been observed in a number of CIS countries, in Central Asia. According to WHO, more than 500,000 people die of typhoid fever every year. Most often, people are sick at the age of 5-19 years, so vaccination against typhoid should be given to schoolchildren in endemic areas.

Since the 1980s, the resistance of typhoid fever to levomycetin has increased dramatically , which makes it difficult and expensive to treat (the need for the use of cephalosporins of the 3rd generation and fluoroquinolones); in recent years, there have been reports of its stability of the causative agent and to ciprofloxacin.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]

Inoculation from typhoid fever: a characteristic of drugs

Typhoid vaccines registered in Russia
 

Vaccine	Content	Dosage
TIFIVAK - dry alcohol vaccine, Russia	Inactivated and lyophilized S. Typhi strain 4446. At 1 amp. - 5 billion microbial cells. Without preservative. Store at 2-8 °	Adults 2-fold s / c: 0.5 ml, after 25-35 days. -1,0 ml, revaccination in 2 years - 1,0 ml.
VIANVAK - lipolysaccharide liquid, Russia	Purified capsule vi-polysaccharide. In one dose for all ages (0.5 ml), 25 μg of B-antigen. Store at 2-8 °	From the age of 3 years, once p / k. Revaccination - every 3 years.

Whole-cell typhoid vaccines were used in schoolchildren and adults with an efficacy of 51-88%, but their use is limited by reactogenicity. The effectiveness of polysaccharide vaccines reaches 70%, they provide immunity after 1-2 weeks, it persists for 2 years. A conjugated vaccine (with exotoxin P. Aeruginosa), immunogenic in 90% of children 2-5 years old, was created. Vaccination from typhoid is carried out according to epidemiological evidence from the age of 3-7 years (depending on the type of vaccine) and individuals at risk. Vaccination also tourists, traveling to Africa and Asia.

Contraindications for vaccination against typhoid fever

To use alcoholic whole-cell vaccine there is a wide range of contraindications. VIANVAC is not administered when hypersensitivity to vaccine components, pregnant, during an acute condition.

[10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17]

Adverse reactions and complications after inoculation from typhoid fever

The alcoholic dry vaccine is reactogenic, the temperature is> 38.6 °, infiltration> 50 mm is not more than 7% of the vaccinated. The general reaction appears after 5-6 hours with a duration of up to 48 hours, the local reaction lasts 3-4 days. Rarely does the shock develop. Reactions to VIANVAC are rare: subfebrile in 1-5% for 24-48 h, headache.

[18], [19], [20], [21], [22]