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Ilium
Last reviewed: 19.11.2021
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The iliac bone (os ilium) consists of two sections. The lower thickened section - the body of the ilium (corpus ossis ilii) - participates in the formation of the acetabulum. Upper, dilated section is the wing of the ilium (ala ossis ilii). It is a wide curved plate, thinned in the center. At the periphery, the wing is thickened, fan-shaped, and ends with the iliac crista (crista iliaca). On the iliac crest, three rough lines are visible to attach the broad abdominal muscles: the labium externum, the inner lip (labium internum), and the intermediate line (linea intermedia). The iliac crest in front and behind has bony projections - upper and lower iliac spines. In front is the upper front under the sigh (spina iliaca anterior superior), which is easily determined from a living person. Below it is the lower anterior iliac spine (spina iliaca anterior inferior). At the posterior end of the ridge there is an upper posterior iliac spine (spina iliaca posterior superior), and somewhat lower than it - the lower posterior iliac spine (spina iliaca posterior inferior).
On the outer surface of the ileal wing there are slightly outlined three rough lines on which the gluteal muscles and the fascia covering them begin. The anterior gluteal line (linea glutea anterior) is the longest. It begins near the superior anterior iliac awn, goes in an arcuate direction towards the large sciatic isch of the ischium. The posterior gluteal line linea glutea posterior is located almost vertically and parallel to the posterior part of the previous line. The lower gluteal line (linea glutea inferior) is shorter than the others, begins between the upper and lower anterior iliac spines and extends above the acetabulum to the large sciatic notch.
On the inner surface of the iliac wing there is a flat depression - the iliac fossa (fossa iliaca). The lower boundary of the iliac fossa is an arcuate line (linea arcuata), reaching behind the anterior margin of the auricularis (facies auricularis). This surface serves for articulation with the same surface of the sacrum. The arcuate line extends anteriorly into the iliac-pubic elevation. Above the ear surface is iliac tuberosity (tuberositas iliaca) for attachment of interosseous ligaments.
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