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Gamma-hydroxybutyrate: addiction, symptoms and treatment
Medical expert of the article
Last reviewed: 04.07.2025
Gamma hydroxybutyrate causes intoxication similar to alcohol or ketamine intoxication and can lead to respiratory depression and death, especially when combined with alcohol.
Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB, also called "G") is taken orally. It is similar in effects to ketamine, but lasts longer and is significantly more dangerous.
Gamma hydroxybutyrate produces a feeling of relaxation and calm, and can also cause fatigue and disinhibition. In higher doses, GHB can cause dizziness, loss of coordination, nausea, and vomiting. Convulsions and coma, respiratory failure, and death may occur. The combination of GHB and other sedatives, especially alcohol, is extremely dangerous. Most deaths have occurred when GHB was taken with alcohol.
Withdrawal symptoms occur if gamma hydroxybutyrate is not taken for several days after previous heavy use.
Treatment is only necessary in cases of overdose. Artificial ventilation may be necessary if breathing is impaired. Most patients recover quickly, although effects may persist for 1 to 2 hours.
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