Emergency care and management of anaphylactic shock

The first thing to do in case of anaphylactic shock is to inject a person with 0.5 ml of 0.1% adrenaline solution. The injection is made intravenously or subcutaneously. If there is an urgent need, the procedure is repeated after a few minutes. It is important that the total amount of the drug administered does not exceed 2 ml. It is necessary to monitor the heart rate and blood pressure. In no case should an overdose of adrenaline be allowed. This can worsen the situation many times over.

After the introduction of adrenaline, resort to the help of glucocorticoids. Usually, Prednisolone acts in this role. It is necessary to administer 150 mg of this medication. If the patient's condition is very serious, the dosage can be increased. It is allowed to use 20 mg of Dexamethasone, 500 mg of Methylprednisolone. In order for these drugs to begin to act, they begin only a few hours after administration.

Antihistamines are actively used in anaphylactic shock. It is possible to administer 1-2 ml of Dimedrol, Tavegil. Their main function is not to reduce pressure. This should not be allowed, because an allergic reaction is not excluded. Calcium Gluconate and Chloride can negatively affect the general condition.

The patient can be given an injection of Euphyllin solution, in the amount of 10-20 ml. This will help to significantly ease breathing, as well as reduce pulmonary edema. The drug should be administered immediately. If necessary, artificial respiration is performed.

It is recommended to administer antihistamine blockers. They can significantly reduce symptoms and prevent possible recurrence of shock. Presumably, Hydrocortisone is administered in a dose of 200 mg. If we are talking about a child, then 100 mg is enough. If other drugs are administered, the possibility of their interaction must be taken into account. For Methylprednisolone, this is 50-120 mg, for children - 1 mg per kilogram of weight. Dexamethasone - 8-32 mg, Betameson - 20-125 mcg / kg. The drug is selected depending on the course of the process. Pulse therapy is advisable.

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Treatment for anaphylactic shock

For possible cases of a problem, a special kit should always be present. This is a suitcase in which all the necessary drugs are located.

Usually it is Adrenaline hydrochloride. It is desirable that it be 0.1%, 10 ampoules. It is necessary to put in the emergency suitcase Atropine sulfate 0.1%, 10 ampoules. Glucose 40% in the amount of 10 ampoules. This also includes Digoxin 0.025%, 10 ampoules. Diphenhydramine 1% - 10 ampoules.

The presence of Calcium chloride 10% in the amount of 10 ampoules is mandatory. Cordiamine - 10 ampoules. Lasix, Mezaton - 10 ampoules. Here is also Sodium chloride 0.9% 10 and 400 ml. The first type of medicine should be in ampoules, in a total amount of 10 pieces. The second type is a bottle or 2 bottles.

You will also need Polyglucin bottle - 400 ml, Prednisolone - 10 ampoules, Tavegil - 5 ampoules. You cannot do without Euphyllin 2.4% - 10 ampoules. A system for intravenous drip infusions, 2 pieces, must be present. Syringes for 5-20 cc. Sterile wipes, rubber tourniquet, gloves and a bladder with cold are auxiliary components.

Orders on the formation of first aid kits

Since 2014, it has been decided to slightly improve emergency first aid kits. Thus, the first aid kit should contain the following components:

• Adrenaline. It is used for local injections, as well as intramuscular administration. The product provides an immediate vasoconstrictive effect.
• Glucocorticoids. The most common of them is Prednisolone. It helps to cope with edema, relieve allergies. In addition, the drug has an immunosuppressive effect.

The first aid kit should include antihistamines. They should be in the form of a solution, as they are administered intravenously. These are Tavegil, Suprastin. They allow you to achieve the maximum effect. The second most important antihistamine is Diphenhydramine. It enhances the effect of Tavegil and Suprastin. Euphyllin is widely used. It eliminates bronchial spasms.

In addition to medications, the first aid kit should also contain consumables. These are bandages, syringes, cotton wool, gauze, ethyl alcohol. It is desirable to have a venous catheter, as well as a saline solution for providing secondary care. The composition of the first aid kit implies the presence of Diazepam, a drug that can depress the nervous system.

If anaphylactic shock occurs, the drugs should be used immediately. This will help save a person's life. It is important to have such a set on hand, this applies to any institution.

Order 626

This order clearly regulates all medical manipulations that must be carried out. It also specifies not only the list of all actions, but also the frequency of their implementation, as well as repetitions.

Despite this, order 626 does not directly indicate the points that a doctor or paramedic must adhere to. Simply put, it specifies a general list of actions, without dividing responsibilities. Which can cause some difficulty when performing manipulations.

Ultimately, there is a lack of coordination of actions. This can complicate the process of providing emergency care and lead to some complications. The information provided in the order is the so-called standard of action that should be followed. They are created based on foreign trends. As for the composition of the first aid kit, according to order 291, it is somewhat inaccurate. This can further complicate the implementation of all manipulations.

Order 291

Order 291 includes a detailed description of all the actions that must be performed when providing first aid to a person who is developing anaphylactic shock. It describes in detail what needs to be done and in what order, in a hospital setting.

A more complete diagnostic algorithm, as well as preventive measures, are also available here. Which makes it several times easier to provide emergency care to the victim. Order 291 describes step by step what and how to do. Even a person without medical education can perform the actions. The order describes everything at an accessible level, especially for those cases when, for some reason, the ambulance does not have time to arrive on time. And anaphylactic shock can be lightning fast, waiting for help in this case is dangerous, you need to act independently. A detailed description of all procedures helps with this.

It is worth noting that when shock occurs, you need to react quickly and do everything correctly. Therefore, order 291 describes the entire algorithm of actions regarding primary and secondary care. There is also an approximate composition of the first aid kit, which should be in all institutions. After all, anaphylactic shock can develop anywhere.

Order 764

According to this order, there should be a special corner in the doctor's office. A few words about this corner. There should be a memo here, which specifies the algorithm of actions when a patient experiences anaphylactic shock. The full tactics and sequence of all life-saving procedures are described. In addition to the memo, the algorithm for conducting a professional vaccination is also indicated. Its main purpose is to prevent the development of measles, rubella and mumps. Vaccination should be carried out within the specified time frame. In addition, a list of essential medications that are used to provide assistance to a person is indicated. Thus, the list of drugs includes prednisolone, suprastin, heparin, furosemide and hydrocortisone.

In addition to all of the above, the office should have a bed with all the accessories. Also special bedside tables, a quartz lamp, dishes. A table with chairs, a bag for dirty laundry and separate dishes are mandatory.

As for medicines, it means using antibiotics, antiallergics, antispasmodics. All of them will help solve the problem. Naturally, there should be special means for stopping the heart, as well as items for providing first aid to the victim.