Surgical diseases

This category covers surgical diseases with symptoms, causes, diagnostics, treatment options, and prevention basics.

Surgical Diseases brings together curated guides, checklists, and explanations to help navigate the topic with clarity.

Use this page as a starting point: learn key terms, common scenarios, and how clinicians usually approach diagnosis and treatment.

On this page:

Conditions grouped by specialty with clear navigation
Symptoms, causes, risk factors, and complications
Diagnosis pathways, including tests and imaging
Evidence-based treatment options and prevention

Medical information is educational; treatment should be individualized.

Use the links to learn what to ask at an appointment and how to prepare.

Vomiting due to intestinal obstruction: causes, danger signs, diagnosis and treatment

Vomiting due to intestinal obstruction occurs because the contents of the stomach and intestines cannot move forward normally.

Conservative treatment of intestinal obstruction: when possible, what it involves, and when surgery is needed

Conservative treatment of intestinal obstruction is a treatment without immediate surgery aimed at stabilizing the patient, reducing gastric and intestinal distension, correcting fluid and electrolyte losses, controlling pain and nausea, and dynamic observation.

Laxatives for intestinal obstruction: when they are dangerous, when they are possible, and how to replace self-medication

Laxatives are intended to treat constipation, but intestinal obstruction is not the same as regular constipation. In intestinal obstruction, intestinal contents are unable to pass normally due to a mechanical obstruction or severe motility disorder.

Chronic intestinal obstruction: causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

Chronic intestinal obstruction is a long-term, recurring, or slowly progressive obstruction of intestinal movement.

Intestinal obstruction in pancreatitis: symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment

Intestinal obstruction in pancreatitis is not a single diagnosis, but several distinct clinical situations. In mild cases, it most often involves temporary functional inhibition of the intestine, when inflammation, pain, intoxication, dehydration, and medications weaken intestinal contractions.

Intestinal obstruction criteria: symptoms, diagnosis, signs of severity and indications for surgery

Intestinal obstruction criteria are a set of signs that a doctor uses to decide four things: whether there is obstruction, where the blockage is located, whether it is mechanical or functional, and whether there are signs of ischemia, perforation, or peritonitis.

Periods of intestinal obstruction: how symptoms, risks, and treatment tactics change

Intestinal obstruction is a condition in which the movement of contents through the intestines is severely disrupted or completely stopped.

Pathogenesis of intestinal obstruction: how intestinal blockage develops and why it is dangerous

The pathogenesis of intestinal obstruction is a chain of events that begins with a disruption in the movement of contents through the intestine and can result in dehydration, impaired blood circulation in the intestinal wall, necrosis, perforation, peritonitis, and sepsis.

Postoperative intestinal obstruction: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention

Postoperative intestinal obstruction is a disruption in the movement of contents through the intestines that occurs after surgery.

Non-neoplastic intestinal obstruction: causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

Non-neoplastic intestinal obstruction is a condition in which the intestinal contents stop moving normally not because of a tumor, but because of another cause: adhesions after surgery, intestinal volvulus, intussusception, fecal impaction, gallstone, inflammatory stenosis, hernia, motility disorder, or acute pseudo-obstruction of the colon.