Contusion of foot

A foot injury is the most common trauma that occurs on its own or accompanies more serious injuries, such as sprain or ligament rupture, tendons, dislocation, fracture.

The symptomatology of the described injuries is very similar, so it can be difficult to determine what kind of damage occurred without an X-ray examination.

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Symptoms of a foot injury

The signs of a foot injury appear instantaneously: 

• severe pain; 
• appearance of swelling; 
• after 5-15 minutes there is a noticeable increase in the tumor; 
• formation of hemorrhage; 
• pain becomes permanent.

A bruised foot, which causes severe pain, can disrupt the functioning of the muscles due to their pathological contraction. Hemorrhage into soft tissues leads to densification, sometimes to the shortening of muscle fibers, tendons and ligaments, disrupting their elasticity and sliding properties. The size of the hematoma itself depends on the strength of the stroke and ranges from a small bruise to a large hemorrhage.

In places of injury, bone and connective tissues can form during the course of an aseptic inflammatory process. In addition to ruptures of small blood vessels and the appearance of a hematoma, a foot injury leads to destructive changes and irritation of nerve fibers. Signs of a foot injury persist for up to two days, and changes in nerve fibers last up to two weeks. As a rule, by the end of the second week, the bruise of the foot is without consequences.

Injury of toes

A bruise of the toes is considered to be the most common injury. With such a problem, schoolchildren-football players, who play without special shoes, face. The bruise of the toes is caused by a stupid blow, both in everyday life and in the workplace. Pain syndrome manifests itself vividly. This is explained by the force of the load, which increases when the foot rolls from the heel to the toe. The cause of pain during a distal phalanx injury is tissue tension caused by a hemorrhage or an undetected wound under the nail.

A bruise of the toes can lead to serious consequences, because the impact speed, even with a minor foot injury on the foot of the bed is approximately 50 km / h. It is not surprising that the bruise of the foot's foot leads to bone fracture. Diagnosis of damage should be performed by a trauma doctor. Timely uncovered crack in the bone over time can cause arthritis.

Bruising of soft foot tissues

By soft tissues are meant skin, subcutaneous adipose tissue with nerve endings and blood vessels. A bruise of the soft tissues of the foot arises because of mechanical action - impact, fall, short-term squeezing of the foot, etc. A bruise of the soft tissues of the foot is divided into damage to the rear or sole.

As a result of a stroke from the injured blood vessels, the blood enters: 

• in soft tissue, forming a bruise or a small bruise; 
• accumulates in tissues with the formation of a hematoma; 
• falls into nearby areas, for example, joints.

Hemorrhage from small vessels lasts 5-15 minutes, and from large ones can last up to a day. Hematomas on the sole of the foot are deep and do not show themselves during visual inspection. Tissues, where strained hematomas formed, are subject to hypertensive ischemic syndrome. A patient with a foot injury is noted for heaviness, numbness of the foot, stiffness of movements. If a large area of soft tissue is damaged, there is a trophoneurotic disorder, dystrophic pathologies of the bones, which are difficult to cure.

Signs of a foot injury manifest with varying degrees of soreness, localized or blurred by swelling. A severe foot injury can disrupt natural locomotor function. Radiography helps to exclude possible damage to bones.

[2], [3]

Contusion of foot bone

The bruise of the foot bone is a common phenomenon in sports games, strikes against various objects, when falling. Under the bruise of bones it is customary to understand a closed, mechanical trauma without a significant violation of bones. A bruise of the foot bone is accompanied by a pain syndrome of varying intensity and the appearance of puffiness. There is a hemorrhage in the soft tissues, there may be a hematoma.

It is very important to be able to distinguish the bruise of the bone from a fracture. A bruise leads to disruption of motor function not immediately, but as puffiness and hematoma develop. With a fracture, a sharp pain will not allow you to step on your foot, mobility will be limited. An accurate diagnosis can only be made by a physician based on an X-ray or an MRI scan.

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Child's foot injury

Children are very mobile. Favorite places of their games are unfit for this - construction sites, abandoned houses. A child's foot injury occurs as a result of an unsuccessful fall, when a stupid object strikes. The most common mechanical injuries in children are bruises of muscles and soft tissues. Pain with swelling appear instantly, or after 2-3 days after the incident. A strong bruise of the foot leads to the development of hemorrhages and the appearance of bruising.

A child's foot injury is very often combined with stretching, ligament rupture, muscle injuries. May be accompanied by a dislocation, fracture of bones. In the case of acute pain, increased during movement, the presence of thickening, changes in the shape of the abnormal mobility of the limb, you should immediately contact a specialist.

[5], [6], [7]

First aid for foot injury

There was a bruise of the foot, what should I do? First, to ensure complete peace - to sit on a bench, for example. Secondly, immediately attach ice, something cold (a bottle of water from the refrigerator, snow, etc.) for 15-20 minutes. Repeat the procedure for the first few hours at intervals of 5 minutes. Cold will reduce pain and swelling. Compresses with ice are contraindicated in people with diabetes mellitus. Thirdly, the injured limb should be placed on a hill for the outflow of blood.

Heat, massage, hot baths and warming compresses should be excluded for at least 5 days. In case of skin lesions, the site of the injury should be treated with hydrogen peroxide, iodine. If the pain syndrome with an injury of the foot becomes unbearable, you can take a pill of "analgin", "ketorol". For local anesthesia, a foot injury is applied with ointments: diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketorol. Children in the dosage corresponding to age are given painkillers - "nurofen", "efferalgan", "panadol".

First aid in case of foot injury occupies an important place in the process of rapid recovery. But if there was a strong bruise of the foot, it is better to contact the hospital in time for the examination and get advice.

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Treatment of foot injury

How to treat a foot injury? After receiving first aid and conducting the diagnosis, the doctor prescribes treatment. Light foot contusions can be healed at home, but serious, combined injuries with a dislocation or fracture require specialist supervision. Doctors often prescribe such procedures as: magnetotherapy, ultraviolet radiation, electrophoresis.

How to treat a foot injury in the home?

In a day or two after a foot injury, it is advisable to apply non-warming analgesic ointments or gels: "rapid", "fastum", "voltaren" and others. In childhood, as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic and decongestant with a foot injury, balm "rescuer", ointment "traumel C", gel "troxevasin" is used. "Comfrey ointment with vitamin E" and "diclofenac", gels "indovazin", "Dolobien", "bruise-off" - are prescribed for children of senior school age. If the foot is heavily bruised, a tight bandage should be applied to reduce pain.

Treatment of foot injury by alternative means

How to treat a foot injury with alternative medicine methods: 

• grind the head of onions to a mushy state, place on gauze and attach to the bruise of the foot for a day. Repeat from 3 to 5 times; 
• for an early resolution of the hematoma, prepare a tincture of 100 g. Crushed aloe leaves and 200 gr. Sugar-sand. Composition put in a glass container, tie a neck with dense gauze and insist for three days. Kashitsu squeeze and strain. The resulting composition lubricate the area of the hematoma; 
• place the bruise of the foot is well treated with a tincture of two tschlozh dry leaves of linden, filled with boiling water and are present for 30 minutes; 
• with foot contusion, lotions based on wormwood and celandine are effective, which are taken at 3 tbsp. Spoon, pour boiling water, tamed on a small fire for about 20 minutes. The broth is cooled, add to it equal to the amount of broth the amount of aloe juice. Moistened in a mixture, the cloth (you can bandage or gauze) is applied to the bruise and fixed with a bandage. Recommend to apply a compress twice a day; 
• Trituration of the foot injury can be well done with a healing mixture: approximately 3-4 peeled garlic heads (to obtain 3 tablespoons of garlic paste) are mixed with 6% apple cider vinegar in the amount of half liter. Insist for a day in a dark place, from time to time shaking the container. Rub the bruise of the foot, filtered.