Causes of adnexitis

The causes of adnexitis are varied, but you need to know about them in order to prevent the possibility of the disease or facilitate treatment measures.

Adnexitis – an inflammatory process in the fallopian tubes and ovaries – has many provoking factors.

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Causes of acute adnexitis

The uterine cavity and fallopian tubes should not normally contain any flora, including bacteria. However, if a microbial agent enters the uterus and the immune system is weakened, an inflammatory reaction of the tissues may develop.

Acute adnexitis begins its development in the fallopian tube, through which bacteria enter the ovary. Inflammatory exudate flows into the tubal cavity, which can end in suppuration and adhesions.

The main cause of acute adnexitis is the entry of bacterial flora into the fallopian tubes. This may be streptococcal, gonococcal, tuberculosis, intestinal, staphylococcal infection that has entered the uterus from the vagina or through the circulatory system.

Subjective causes of the disease are considered to be general cooling of the body, weakness of the immune defense, psycho-emotional stress, chronic fatigue syndrome. The infection can be delivered to the body during sexual contact during menstruation, as well as during artificial abortion and other intrauterine procedures.

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Causes of subacute adnexitis

In subacute adnexitis, the causes of the disease may be the same as in the acute form. However, such a course of the inflammatory process has relatively hidden symptoms, so it is quite difficult to recognize the disease in this form.

Infectious agents enter the fallopian tubes in different ways. The most common way of infection is sexual: this is how chlamydia, gonococci, viruses, mycoplasma bacteria and many other microorganisms enter the body.

Relatively rarely, microbial flora can penetrate into the uterine cavity during certain medical procedures that violate the rules of asepsis and antisepsis: during curettage, hysterosalpingography, installation or removal of an intrauterine device.

In addition, bacteria can penetrate the reproductive organs during an artificial abortion or during childbirth (if there are immediate or distant foci of infection in the body).

Through the blood or lymph flow, the infection can be transmitted to the genitals in the case of certain viral pathologies (flu, rubella, mumps), as well as tuberculosis.

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Causes of chronic adnexitis

The development of chronic adnexitis occurs when the acute course of the disease does not receive proper and necessary treatment. The inflammatory process goes into an advanced stage, contributes to the formation of adhesive disease and can negatively affect the reproductive capacity of a woman.

The transition from acute adnexitis to chronic form is caused by the following factors:

• development of infectious extragenital diseases (inflammation of the kidneys, appendix, acute respiratory viral infections, chronic inflammation of the nasopharynx, middle ear, etc.);
• frequently recurring psycho-emotional overloads;
• the presence of unhealthy habits that have a detrimental effect on the immune system (smoking, drinking alcohol, poor nutrition, too strict diets);
• hypothermia, inappropriate clothing, swimming in cold water, lack of sleep or chronic fatigue of the body;
• neglect of intimate hygiene rules;
• variety of sexual partners, unprotected sex.

Basically, the transition of the disease into a chronic form is caused by frequent inflammatory processes in the fallopian tubes and ovaries, as well as the inability of the weakened body to resist the attack of a bacterial infection.

So, we have considered the main causes of adnexitis. Carrying out preventive measures, taking care of your health will allow you to prevent the development of the disease and avoid unpleasant consequences.

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