Causes of adnexitis

The causes of adnexitis are diverse, but they need to be known in order to prevent the possibility of disease or to facilitate therapeutic measures.

Adnexitis - an inflammatory process in the fallopian tubes and ovaries - has many provoking factors. 

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Causes of acute adnexitis

The cavity of the uterus and the fallopian tubes in the norm should not contain any flora, including bacterial. However, when a microbial agent enters the uterus and concomitant weakening of the immune system, an inflammatory reaction of the tissues may develop.

Acute adnexitis begins its development in the fallopian tube, through which bacteria enter the ovary. Inflammatory exudate pours into the tubular cavity, which can result in suppuration and adhesions.

The main cause of the development of the acute form of adnexitis is the entry of bacterial flora into the fallopian tubes. It can be streptococcal, gonococcal, tuberculous, intestinal, staphylococcal infection, which has got into the uterus from the vagina, or through the circulatory system.

The subjective causes of the disease are general cooling of the body, weakness of the immune defense, psychoemotional stresses, chronic fatigue syndrome. Infection can be delivered to the body during sexual contact during menstruation, as well as during artificial abortion and other intrauterine procedures.

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Causes of subacute adnexitis

With subacute adnexitis, the causes of the disease can be the same as in acute forms. True, such a course of the inflammatory process has relatively hidden symptoms, therefore it is rather difficult to recognize the disease in this form.

Infectious agents enter the fallopian tubes in different ways. The most common sexual route of infection is the way chlamydia, gonococci, viruses, mycoplasma bacteria and many other microorganisms get into the body.

Relatively rare microbial flora can penetrate into the uterine cavity during some medical procedures that go in violation of the rules of aseptic and antiseptic: when scraping, hysterosalpingography, installing or removing the intrauterine device.

In addition, bacteria can enter the reproductive organs during artificial abortion or during labor (if there are direct or remote infectious foci in the body).

With the blood or lymph flow, the infection can be transmitted to the genitals with certain viral pathologies (influenza, rubella, mumps), as well as with tuberculosis.

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Causes of chronic adnexitis

Development of the chronic form of adnexitis occurs when the acute course of the disease does not receive proper and necessary treatment. The inflammatory process passes into a neglected stage, promotes the formation of a commissural disease and can adversely affect the reproductive capacity of a woman.

The transition of the acute course of adnexitis to the chronic form is caused by the following factors:

• development of infectious extragenital diseases (inflammation of the kidneys, appendix, SARS, chronic inflammation of the nasopharynx, middle ear, etc.);
• often repeated psycho-emotional overload;
• the presence of unhealthy habits that adversely affect immune protection (smoking, drinking alcohol, poor diet, too hard diets);
• hypothermia, off-season clothing, swimming in cold water, lack of sleep or chronic body fatigue;
• neglect of the rules of intimate hygiene;
• variety of sexual partners, unprotected sex.

In general, the transition of the disease to a chronic form is caused by frequent inflammatory processes in the fallopian tubes and ovaries, as well as the inability of the weakened organism to resist the attack of bacterial infection.

So we examined the main causes of adnexitis. Carrying out preventive measures, taking care of your health will allow you to prevent the development of the disease and avoid unpleasant consequences.

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