Asthenoteratozoospermia in men: causes, what to do and treatment

Remembering the size of kindergarten classes and groups in Soviet times, you begin to realize with alarm how much the birth rate has recently decreased in the former CIS countries. There are many reasons for this, but the saddest of them is a medical problem called infertility. At the same time, problems with conceiving a child in 40% of cases arise due to the fault of men. True, many of them do not want to admit this, considering the absence of problems with ejaculation a guarantee of a woman's pregnancy and not suspecting the presence of such male pathologies as asthenoteratozoospermia, akinospermia and some others, which often become an insurmountable obstacle on the path to fatherhood.

What is asthenoteratozoospermia?

Having heard such an unusual and long name of the disease, many men and women are interested in: what kind of diagnosis is this and how asthenoteratozoospermia can affect their ability to become parents, because this is not a problem for one person, but for the entire married couple.

Despite the fact that the name of the pathology resembles a veterinary term, it reflects the processes occurring in the body of human sexually mature males, or simply men. The word "asthenoteratozoospermia" itself consists of three parts that are equivalent in meaning:

• "asthen" from the term asthenia, i.e. weakening,
• "teratos" in Greek means freak or deformity,
• "zoo" - animal, indicates a connection with the living world,
• "sperm" - the same as spermatozoon, male semen.

Literally speaking, this disease boils down to the weakening and deformity of the living seed.

In order to understand what can cause this disease in men, it is worthwhile to understand a little about when, how and under what conditions sperm (or seminal fluid) is formed, containing the “building” material for the emergence of new life.

The development of boys in puberty is marked by the beginning of spermatogenesis, which is a complex sequential process of cell division and transformation: from primary germ cells (gonocytes) to mature spermatozoa. This process is quite lengthy. Complete spermatogenesis may require an average of 73 to 75 days. Beginning at the age of 12-13, the process of sperm formation in men continues continuously and ceases only in old age.

Where does the process of sperm formation take place? For this purpose, a special place is allocated in the male body - the testicles, located in the scrotum, which is specially taken out of the body to maintain the appropriate temperature.

The fact is that for sperm maturation, the optimal temperature is considered to be 1 or 2 degrees lower than body temperature. Higher temperatures cause not only the cessation of sperm formation, but also the death of already mature sperm. While a decrease in the optimal temperature negatively affects only spermatogenesis, while mature sperm continue to live in the man's body for about another month.

The spermatozoa themselves are microscopic single-celled structures that look like tadpoles. They consist of a head containing the cell nucleus that carries genetic material, a middle part (neck and transitional section) and a flagellum (also known as a tail), which serves to actively move the spermatozoa in the seminal fluid. Spermatozoa have one goal – the egg cell, which is produced in the female body and, when fused with the male semen, forms the embryo of a new life.

The sperm nucleus contains genetic information that determines the sex of the future child. Its chromosome set contains one of the chromosomes – Y (androspermia) or X (gynospermia). In turn, the egg cell contains only X chromosomes. The XX chromosome combination indicates that a female fetus is developing inside the woman, while the XY combination indicates the imminent birth of a male child.

The male body secretes about 2-5 ml of sperm during ejaculation. In 1 ml of seminal fluid, one can find from 60 to 120 million spermatozoa. But, despite the fact that one such "lively one" is quite enough to fertilize an egg, the probability of fertilizing an egg decreases significantly with a decrease in the number of active spermatozoa.

The fact is that not all spermatozoa develop normally. Among them, there are those that have an abnormal structure, weakened individuals with a low speed of movement, and others that are incapable of fertilization. The presence of more than 20% of such pathological individuals in the sperm is already considered a deviation from the norm and may well affect the ability to become a father.

Epidemiology

As already mentioned, the decline in the birth rate, which is approaching critical levels every year, cannot but be alarming. And the reason for this is not only the difficult economic and political situation in the country, because of which people are simply afraid to have children. More and more young families (today this is about 8%) are faced with the problem of the impossibility of conception due to the infertility of one or both spouses.

Statistics are cruel, and 40% of childless families become so precisely because of male infertility, no matter how much men would like to believe that such a concept does not exist. But the same statistics also say that most men after treatment are still able to conceive a child, the only exception being severe stages of the disease, in which the number of healthy sperm is significantly lower than normal or is completely absent.

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Causes asthenoteratozoospermia

The causes of infertility in men can be various pathologies:

• Akinospermia, when there is no release of sperm during ejaculation.
• Azoospermia is when there are no spermatozoa in the ejaculate.
• Oligospermia is an insufficient number of spermatozoa in the seminal fluid.
• Asthenozoospermia is a weakening and low activity of sperm.
• Teratozoospermia is a disorder of the structure (morphology) of spermatozoa (changed shape of the head, up to its absence, elongated or curved body, no tail, bifurcation of the tail of the spermatozoa, etc.), as a result of which their ability to move in a given direction may also change (they begin to move backwards or in a circle).

But there are also pathologies that combine several of the above-described disorders. It can be said that asthenoteratozoospermia is not one disease, but 2 in 1. In this pathology, there are disorders characteristic of both asthenozoospermia and teratozoospermia. This means that both weak, low-mobility spermatozoa and sperm with structural and functional disorders are found in the seminal fluid, due to which the total volume of active seminal material is noticeably reduced.

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Risk factors

Despite the fact that pathologies of male sperm have been described for a long time, it is still not possible to name the exact reason why a significant portion of spermatozoa in men with asthenoteratozoospermia is weakened or has an incorrect morphological structure. However, it is possible to clearly indicate certain risk factors that can lead to the development of this pathology.

1. Frequent causes of asthenoteratozoospermia are infectious or viral diseases suffered by men at any age. In terms of its negative impact on the sex glands, epidemic parotitis, known to many as "mumps", is especially worth noting.

Probably, you have heard more than once from wise grandmothers that this disease is very dangerous for boys due to the development of male infertility in the future. True, in childhood, the disease most often proceeds easily, which cannot be said about the pathology developing in an adult man. One of its complications is inflammation of the testicles with a high probability of their atrophy if not treated properly.

Fungal and bacterial sexually transmitted infections are considered even more dangerous in this regard. Chlamydia, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, genital herpes and other infectious pathologies negatively affect the formation and development of spermatozoa.

Risk factors for the development of asthenoteratozoospermia include infectious and inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system in men, such as orchitis, epididymitis of the epididymis, prostatitis, etc.

1. Trauma to the male genitals, especially the testicles, can also be a factor that provokes disruption of the sperm maturation process and the development of asthenoteratozoospermia.
2. Nature has arranged it so that spermatozoa are formed and mature in special conditions, at a temperature of about 35 degrees. An increase in temperature in the scrotum due to overheating during a visit to a bathhouse or sauna, taking a hot bath, wearing tight underwear made of thick material that does not allow air to pass through, can lead to pathologies in the development of sperm and become the reason that a man cannot become a father for a long time.
3. Harmful radiation (ultraviolet rays, X-rays, etc.) can also have a negative impact on the male sex glands, leading to mutations in the chromosomal set, which subsequently affects the development of the fetus.
4. The influence of toxic substances on the body cannot bypass the reproductive system of a man. Constant poisoning of the body with alcohol, nicotine, narcotic substances leads to a change in the structure of the seminiferous tubules in the testicles, where spermatozoa mature. This increases the likelihood of developing such a pathology as agglutination, in which spermatozoa stick together, as a result of which they lose mobility and the ability to fertilize an egg.
5. Congenital abnormalities of the testicles can cause poor quality sperm or insufficient sperm quantity. These include abnormalities of quantity (anorchism, or absence of testicles, monorchism, or presence of only one testicle, polyorchism, or more than two testicles) and quality (hypoplasia, or underdevelopment of the testicles, cryptorchidism, failure of one or both testicles to descend into the scrotum).
6. Hormonal disorders associated with the imbalance of estrogen, prolactin and testosterone also cannot but affect the functioning of the sex glands in men, causing various sperm pathologies. At the same time, both a low level of testosterone and an elevated level of prolactin are dangerous. Increased production of the female sex hormone estrogen makes a man effeminate and reduces his reproductive capacity.

Thyroid dysfunction (eg, hypothyroidism) is a fairly common cause of infertility in both women and men.

Diabetes mellitus, like any other endocrine disease, can affect the production and activity of sperm, among other things, often provoking such a sperm pathology as asthenoteratozoospermia.

7. Poor nutrition, when a man does not receive enough vitamins necessary for the production of sperm and maintaining libido (mainly vitamins B _9, A and E), in some cases can provoke diseases in which there is a decrease in the number of active sperm, as well as their activity.

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Symptoms asthenoteratozoospermia

Many pathologies that ultimately lead to male infertility are simply impossible to determine by any external signs. Asthenoteratozoospermia is one of such pathologies.

The external genitalia of men with this pathology usually have a normal shape and size. And most of them do not have problems with ejaculation, unless asthenoteratozoospermia is accompanied by another pathology, for example, akinospermia.

By the way, it often happens that when you go to the doctor, not one, but several pathologies are discovered. And the diagnosis of asthenoteratozoospermia itself is a direct confirmation of this, since it includes 2 diagnoses at once, but there are no external symptoms of the pathology.

Pain or heaviness in the genital area with asthenoteratozoospermia can be felt only if this pathology arose against the background of varicocele, which is a varicose vein of the spermatic cord. Pain in this case is caused by a significant expansion of the vein, which in many cases can even be felt, but they do not indicate asthenoteratozoospermia.

Pain and discomfort may also be observed in inflammatory diseases of the reproductive organs, in particular the testicles. In this case, a sperm analysis will show an excess of leukocytes (more than 1 million particles in 1 ml of ejaculate). Asthenoteratozoospermia has nothing to do with this, rather we are talking about a concomitant disease called leukospermia (or pyospermia).

The first and possibly already belated signs of asthenoteratozoospermia are multiple unsuccessful attempts to conceive a child. But even here there can be a double-edged sword. Infertility in a man can be caused by other reasons. For example, if there is a small volume of seminal fluid released during ejaculation, then the cause of infertility is most likely not asthenoteratozoospermia, but oligospermia, because the less sperm, the less active spermatozoa capable of fertilizing an egg. However, both pathologies can exist in a man's body at the same time.

Sometimes, however, the opposite situation is observed. A lot of sperm is released during sexual intercourse, but conception does not occur, and if it does, it ends in miscarriage. Now we are talking about polyspermy, in which active spermatozoa simply prevent each other from fertilizing the egg or penetrate it in more than one quantity.

The chances of normal conception become even smaller if the spermatozoa have morphological abnormalities and are not active enough, i.e. asthenoteratozoospermia and polyspermia are present simultaneously.

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Stages

On this basis, several degrees of severity or stages of asthenoteratozoospermia as a disorder of spermatogenesis are distinguished:

• Stage 1. The seminal fluid contains at least 50% active spermatozoa with normal morphology.
• Stage 2. The number of healthy sperm ranges from 30 to 50%.
• The 3rd degree of severity of the pathology is established if there are less than 30% healthy and active spermatozoa in the ejaculate.

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Forms

As for the classification of asthenoteratozoospermia as a sperm pathology, here we are talking not so much about the types of this pathology, but about the severity (or neglect) of the process of formation and maturation of spermatozoa.

When examining the activity of spermatozoa in the ejaculate under a microscope, several types (groups) can be distinguished, differing in mobility and direction of movement:

• Group A – active spermatozoa with a movement speed of about 30 cm per hour. They move only forward.
• Group B – passive spermatozoa with low speed, which also move forward.
• Group C – active spermatozoa with good speed but a disturbed trajectory of movement. They either move backwards or make circular movements, as a result of which they are unable to reach the target.
• Group D – immotile sperm or reproductive cells with very low motility.

The quality of sperm depends largely on the ratio of the specified groups of spermatozoa in it. Not all spermatozoa, even in normal sperm, are active and have the correct trajectory. Ideally, group A spermatozoa should be at least 25% of the total number, and the total number of spermatozoa of groups A and B should not be less than 50%. Lower values are already considered deviations from the norm.

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Complications and consequences

When talking about whether asthenoteratozoospermia can have consequences and complications dangerous to a man's health, it is important to understand that pathological sperm indicators only affect reproductive capacity. The only danger to health is the patient's depressive state, realizing that he is the only one to blame for the absence of a child in the family.

However, after undergoing appropriate treatment, many men are quite capable of becoming fathers of their own children. The main thing is to seek help as early as possible, before the process becomes complicated.

There is no clear answer to the question of whether it is possible to become pregnant with asthenoteratospermia naturally. Everything depends on the sperm count and the effectiveness of the treatment. And, of course, on the man's desire to become a father.

If you deny your failure as a continuer of the family line for a long time and continue your previous lifestyle, shifting all the blame onto women, you can achieve that asthenoteratozoospermia will reach its final stage, and then you will have to forget about the possibility of ever becoming a father of your own child.

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Diagnostics asthenoteratozoospermia

The insidiousness of asthenoteratozoospermia, which is often an obstacle to fatherhood, is the absence of any symptoms that would indicate this pathology. The diagnosis in the vast majority of cases is accidental and unexpected. The pathology is discovered either during the patient's examination for other male, and sometimes general diseases, or when the spouses seek consultation due to the impossibility of conceiving a child during the search for the causes that led to infertility.

It is best if a man is examined by a male doctor - an andrologist, who will prescribe effective laboratory and instrumental studies in this situation, aimed at identifying the pathology itself and its causes. An external examination of the patient plus palpation, which allows identifying pathologies such as varicocele and tumor processes in the external genitalia, as well as studying the situation from the patient's words (past illnesses, injuries, etc.) can help the doctor somewhat determine the problem and prescribe appropriate diagnostic methods.

The main diagnostic method for asthenoteratospermia is a spermogram, during which both the qualitative composition of sperm and its biochemical characteristics are examined. The study is conducted 2 or 3 times with an interval of 2 weeks. In this case, the man will be asked to prepare for the sperm analysis by abstaining from sexual activity for 3-5 days, avoiding overheating of the genitals, drinking alcohol and nicotine, and heavy physical exertion.

In a room specially designated for sperm donation, the man must first empty his bladder and perform hygienic cleaning of the genitals, and then, using masturbation, collect all the sperm released into a container.

Next, fresh sperm (storage period of at least an hour) is examined under a microscope. Special staining agents are used to detect and count leukocytes.

In case of asthenoteratozoospermia, the spermogram analysis will show the presence of a large number of spermatozoa of groups C and D, as well as the above-described abnormalities in the structure of sperm.

Other diagnostic methods

The most preferred diagnostic method for asthenoteratozoospermia is considered to be a study using the Kruger method, which allows not only to count the number of modified spermatozoa, but also to determine the following quantitative indicators: the average number of pathologies per 1 reproductive cell (index of sperm abnormalities), and the average indicator of the number of pathologies that are observed in spermatozoa with structural abnormalities (index of teratozoospermia).

In case of asthenoteratozoospermia, additional laboratory tests that help to identify the cause of the pathological condition include blood tests (general, biochemical, sugar). Special studies of the endocrine glands responsible for the hormonal background of the body may also be required.

In most cases, the doctor prescribes tests to identify infectious pathogens. These include urethral smear tests and blood tests for antibodies.

Some immune system malfunctions can have negative consequences for reproduction. The body can start producing protective cells that perceive sperm as enemies, blocking their movement. To detect specific antibodies, an antisperm antibody test called the MAR test is performed.

If a large number of "malformed" sperm are found in the ejaculate, genetic testing of the patient's blood may be required.

Instrumental diagnostics are carried out using ultrasound of the genitals (testicles) and pelvic organs, as well as computed tomography of these same organs.

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Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnostics are mainly carried out with teratozoospermia and asthenospermia. The difference between asthenoteratozoospermia and teratozoospermia is that the latter only involves a violation of sperm morphology without a decrease in their activity. With asthenospermia, there is a decrease in sperm activity, but their structure remains unchanged.

Treatment asthenoteratozoospermia

While expecting positive results from the treatment of asthenoteratozoospermia, it is important to understand that this process will take some time (remember that complete spermatogenesis occurs within 73-75 days!) and will require certain efforts from the patient.

Moreover, drug treatment is not prescribed in all cases of asthenoteratozoospermia. In order to improve spermogram indicators, in some cases it was enough to change lifestyle and nutrition, as well as give up bad habits. With this diagnosis, this requirement is not just a doctor's whim, but a therapeutic measure.

It is unlikely that you will be able to influence already formed spermatozoa through medications and proper nutrition, but in most cases it is still possible to establish the process of spermatogenesis with the formation of new, healthy spermatozoa.

_{And here vitamins come to the rescue, capable of normalizing spermatogenesis in men with asthenoteratozoospermia. Vitamin B 9}, also known as folic acid, comes to the forefront, stimulating the process of forming morphologically correct and strong reproductive cells.

Folic acid can be purchased in pharmacies in the form of tablets with the same name. Take the tablets after meals. The recommended daily dose is 5 tablets, but the effective dosage for asthenoteratozoospermia is usually determined individually by the doctor.

The drug has very few side effects. Sometimes taking the medicine is accompanied by nausea and dyspeptic symptoms, bitterness in the mouth. Allergic reactions of varying severity may also be observed, due to the individual characteristics of the body.

Contraindications to the use of vitamin B ₉ are: hypersensitivity to the drug, malignant tumors and anemia, and intractable cobalamin deficiency.

Vitamin E also helps to absorb folic acid and stimulates regenerative processes in the body. It also controls the level of testosterone in the body, which has a positive effect on spermatogenesis.

The doctor may prescribe either pure vitamin E or vitamin E as part of a combination of drugs (AEvit, Selzinc-plus, etc.).

The drugs prescribed by doctors for asthenoteratozoospermia are classified as natural remedies or dietary supplements. The drug "Selzinc-plus" is no exception, it is classified as a combined antioxidant. It contains zinc, selenium, vitamins E and C, beta-carotene.

The drug is taken 1 tablet 1 time per day. At the same time, it rarely causes adverse reactions in the form of an allergy to the drug, caused by hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

The drug of choice for asthenoteratozoospermia is also the dietary supplement "Spermactin". It is effective for any disorders of spermatogenesis, since it is able to normalize metabolic processes, improve the quantitative and qualitative indicators of sperm, affecting the ability of sperm to fertilize the egg.

Method of administration and dosage. The drug is available in powder form, packaged in 5 g sachets. The powder is diluted in half a glass of water or any non-alcoholic beverage and taken during meals. Single dose - 5 g. Frequency of administration - 2 or 3 times a day.

Taking the medicine may be accompanied by unpleasant sensations from the gastrointestinal tract. Spermactin is not suitable only for men who have been found to have increased sensitivity to the components of the dietary supplement.

To increase testosterone levels and improve the quantity and motility of sperm, the herbal preparation Tribestan is also used.

It should be taken 3 times a day after meals in the amount of 1 or 2 tablets. The course of treatment will be 3 months or more with possible repetitions until the condition stabilizes.

Side effects: allergic reactions and reactions associated with irritating effects on the gastrointestinal mucosa.

Contraindications: severe cardiovascular and renal diseases, age under 18, hypersensitivity to the drug.

Medicinal treatment must be combined with an active, healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition rich in vitamins.

Since asthenoteratozoospermia can coexist with other diseases, and some of them are even possible causes of the development of this pathology, the doctor first of all prescribes treatment for the underlying disease. In case of an infectious factor, this is therapy with antimicrobial and antifungal drugs, in case of an inflammatory process, antibiotic therapy, taking immunomodulators and anti-inflammatory drugs, plus physiotherapy.

Hormonal imbalances may require the use of hormone therapy.

Sometimes, in case of congenital anomalies, doctors may resort to surgical treatment. Surgical intervention may also be required in case of varicocele, which has become the cause of asthenoteratozoospermia, as well as in case of detection of scars and adhesions that impede the movement of spermatozoa.

Possibilities of conception with asthenoteratozoospermia

If lifestyle changes and drug therapy do not bring the desired improvement in a man's sperm count, treatment is carried out on both spouses.

In the case where a man's indicators have improved, and a woman is quite capable of conceiving a child, but pregnancy still does not occur, you can try to stimulate the process with the help of the drug "Aktifert" based on a complex of special plant polysaccharides that can affect the mobility and viability of sperm, increasing the likelihood of conception.

"Aktifert" for asthenoteratozoospermia is used not by the man, but by his wife. The drug is available in the form of a gel that must be inserted into the vagina 15 minutes before intercourse.

By the way, doctors very often prescribe "Aktifert" due to its high efficiency in asthenoteratozoospermia. Only thanks to it, many happy married couples have managed to acquire offspring without resorting to artificial insemination and adoption.

If no methods or means lead to the desired pregnancy, the best solution for asthenoteratospermia is IVF (in vitro fertilization, in which the fertilization of the egg is carried out outside the mother's body, i.e. in a test tube) or insemination (artificial fertilization of the egg with the partner's sperm without sexual intercourse). In extreme cases, donor sperm can be used.

There is no need to be afraid of the above-described procedures, as a result of which the egg taken from the woman is artificially fertilized with an active, healthy spermatozoon isolated from the man's sperm. During IVF, the fertilized egg is subsequently returned back to the woman's body, and she is able to independently carry and give birth to a strong baby, who, in terms of mental and physical indicators, will not differ from his peers conceived naturally.

In insemination, things are even simpler. After all, artificial fertilization of the egg with the "chosen" sperm occurs directly in the woman's body. And although the father of the future baby is not present, he can rightfully consider himself a participant in the great event - the conception of a new life.

Folk remedies

Having learned that in some cases, asthenoteratozoospermia can be treated even without medication, many men try to stimulate this process with folk remedies, giving preference to herbal treatment.

The most popular in this regard are:

• A decoction of plantain leaves and roots, which improves sperm motility. Recipe: 2 tbsp. raw material is poured with a glass of boiling water and kept in a water bath for about 30 minutes. Take 15 minutes before meals 3 or 4 times a day in the amount of 1/3 cup.
• Ginseng tincture, which is used to improve sexual activity and stimulate spermatogenesis. The tincture can be purchased at any pharmacy and taken for a month, 15-25 drops 3 times a day. This should be done at least half an hour before meals.
• Tincture of Eleutherococcus for asthenoteratozoospermia is used for the same purpose in 30-day courses. 20 to 25 drops are diluted in a glass of water and drunk on an empty stomach in the morning.
• Also useful will be tinctures based on lemongrass and rose oil (it is not for nothing that roses are considered the most romantic flowers and loving men shower their chosen ones with their petals).

Traditional medicine is recommended to be used after consultation with a doctor, because all the above-described remedies may have contraindications that are dangerous to health.

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Homeopathy

It is worth saying right away that homeopathic remedies are used for infertility in men and women no less often than other drugs effective in the treatment of asthenoteratozoospermia. Thanks to homeopathic remedies, it is possible not only to increase sexual desire, but also to normalize spermatogenesis in the male body.

At the same time, the medicines used in homeopathy are relatively safe for the body and highly effective in terms of their general strengthening effect.

For asthenoteratozoospermia, a homeopathic physician may prescribe the following medications:

• Zincum met is a zinc preparation that improves potency and sperm count.
• Testis compositum, which has a stimulating effect on the sex glands in men (1 ampoule is administered once intramuscularly or intravenously or as prescribed by a doctor).
• Selenium is a selenium preparation that can stimulate the production of healthy sperm generation.
• Medorrhinum is an unusual drug based on the use of products of other diseases (in this case, gonorrheal secretions) to treat a certain pathology. It increases the quality of ejaculate and the number of active sperm in it.
• Yohimbinum D4 is a natural aphrodisiac that can be taken over a long period of time to enhance sexual desire, add intensity to sensations and improve sperm count. It is especially useful for those men who, due to the understanding of their male inadequacy, have not only given up their hands.

The effect of homeopathic therapy can be supported by taking folic acid, and the treatment result will be no worse than when using medications.

Prevention

The preventive measures for infertility in men (which are also treatment measures for asthenoteratozoospermia) are primarily:

• maintaining a healthy and active lifestyle,
• proper nutrition that covers the male body's need for vitamins and microelements,
• quitting smoking, drinking alcohol and drugs.

In addition, men are advised to take certain precautions that will help prevent mechanical and thermal disturbances of spermatogenesis:

• Men who dream of becoming a father in the near future should avoid wearing tight underwear made of synthetic fabrics, which create a kind of greenhouse effect that is detrimental to sperm. For the same reason, it is worth limiting visits to the bathhouse and sauna.
• Tight underwear can not only create high temperatures in the genital area, but also mechanically affect them, squeezing the penis and testicles, which can also negatively affect reproductive function.
• When riding a bicycle, care must be taken to ensure that the seat or frame does not press on the man's external genitalia.
• It is imperative to protect your genitals from injury.
• Stress can also negatively affect a man's ability to become a father. By avoiding stressful situations, a future father increases his chances of having healthy offspring.
• But regular sexual life, even without additional conditions, can maintain the likelihood of becoming a father at a high level.
• Doctors advise avoiding excessive physical activity on the eve of sexual intercourse, which weakens the man’s body and the processes occurring in it.
• Controlling your body weight will not only help you avoid problems with potency and sperm quality, but also pathologies of other organs and systems that are associated with excess weight.
• Even seemingly minor bacterial and viral infections in the body must be treated immediately and completely before they develop into a major problem in the male part.

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Forecast

As for the prognosis of asthenoteratozoospermia, doctors cannot give any guarantees in advance. Everything depends on the degree of neglect of the process, the therapeutic procedures carried out and the patient's patience. But the most important thing, as with most diseases, is still the psychological attitude - understanding and acceptance of the problem, as well as a positive outlook on the future. In severe cases of asthenoteratozoospermia, when the spermatogram indicators are disappointing, a large role is also played by the sacrifices a man is willing to make in order to ultimately become a happy father.

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