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Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid

 
, medical expert
Last reviewed: 19.11.2021
 
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Liquor (spinal fluid) is formed in the ventricles of the brain by sweating blood plasma through the walls of the vessels, and is also secreted by the cells of the vascular plexuses. From the ventricles, it enters the brain cisterns and the subarachnoid space. For a day, from 400 to 600 ml of livcour is formed.

Investigation (analysis) of cerebrospinal fluid has an important diagnostic value for diseases of the central nervous system and meninges, such as encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), meningitis (inflammation of the meninges), arachnoiditis (inflammation of the arachnoid membrane), syphilis of the brain, cerebral circulatory disorders, tumors, trauma.

General clinical study of liquor includes the study of its physico-chemical properties and cellular composition.

Reference parameters (norm) of the cerebrospinal fluid

Characteristics

Indicators

Colour

Colorless

Transparency

Full

Density:

 

With lumbar puncture

1.006-1.007

With ventricular puncture

1.002-1.004

Reaction

Low alkaline

Protein:

 

With lumbar puncture

0.2-0.3 g / l

With ventricular puncture

0.1-0.22 g / l

Globulin reactions:

 

Pandi's reaction

Negative

Reaction of Non-Apelt

Negative

Glucose:

 

With lumbar puncture

2.8-3.9 mmol / l

With ventricular puncture

2.8-3.9 mmol / l

Chlorides:

 

With lumbar puncture

120-130 mmol / l

With ventricular puncture

120-130 mmol / l

Cytosis:

 

With lumbar puncture

7-10 cells / 3 μl (2-3 × 10 6 / L)

With ventricular puncture

0-3 cells / 3 μl (0-1 × 10 6 / L)

Study of native and colored preparations

Neutrophils - 2-4%, lymphocytes - 60 ± 20%, monocytes - 30 ± 10%, eosinophils and ependymocytes - rarely

Bacterioscopic examination of cerebrospinal fluid

Bacterioscopic examination with the coloring of smears from the cystic sludge according to Tsiol-Nielsen is carried out with suspicion of tuberculous meningitis. Smears are prepared from the sediment of the CSF after centrifugation and from the fibrinous film formed when the fibrin is folded into which the mycobacterium tuberculosis is captured. Prepared smears are painted according to Tsil-Nielsen. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is more often found in fresh cases of the disease (in 80% of patients with tuberculous meningitis). In the case of negative or questionable results, a bacteriological study is necessary.

trusted-source[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11]

What tests are needed?

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