Treatment of maxillary sinusitis in pregnancy

Treatment of any disease involves the use of medications.

The use of medications during pregnancy is contraindicated. However, there are nasal sprays and nasal drops that are effective in treating the disease. Such products contain vasoconstrictors, so they can only be used in extreme cases and under medical supervision.

Medicines for sinusitis during pregnancy

Drug treatment is selected by the attending physician, who is guided by the gestation period, the characteristics of the disease and the general condition of the pregnant woman. Most drugs are contraindicated because they have a toxic effect. They can lead to intoxication of the pregnant woman's body. This condition is a threat of miscarriage and fetal malformations.

As a rule, the otolaryngologist prescribes safe antibiotics of the latest generation. Cedex and Augmentin have proven themselves well. When using medications, it is necessary to maintain the bacterial flora of the intestine and additionally take Linex or Hilak Forte.

If the disease has taken a purulent form, the patient is prescribed thinning agents. For example, the drug Sinupret significantly reduces the viscosity of mucus, which facilitates its easy discharge. The medicine is based on plant components, so it can be used by the expectant mother.

Vilprafen

One of the effective antibiotics from the macrolide group that can be used by pregnant women is Vilprafen. The drug is released in the form of tablets with the active substance josamycin. Its mechanism of action is associated with the disruption of protein synthesis in the microbe cell. The drug has a bacteriostatic effect, slows down the reproduction and growth of harmful microorganisms. High doses have bactericidal properties.

• The antibiotic is active against most gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, intracellular microorganisms. However, it does not affect enterobacteria, therefore it does not have a detrimental effect on the gastrointestinal tract.
• The use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation is permitted. The tablets are prescribed for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory lesions caused by microorganisms sensitive to the active substance. The drug is effective for infections of the ENT organs and upper/lower respiratory tract, scarlet fever, diphtheria, dental and ophthalmological infections, and lesions of the urinary tract.
• After oral administration, the active substance is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Food intake does not affect the absorption and distribution process. Plasma protein binding is 15%. The drug is metabolized in the label, excreted in bile and urine.
• Contraindicated for use in severe liver dysfunction, hypersensitivity to the active substance or antibiotics from the macrolide group. If these recommendations are not followed, side effects occur. Most often, these are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation. In rare cases, stomatitis, jaundice, skin allergic reactions and hearing disorders occur.
• The dosage is selected for each pregnant woman individually. The duration of therapy is from 5 to 21 days. In case of overdose, there is an increase in side effects from the digestive system.

Drops for sinusitis

Many medications are used to treat inflammation of the nasal sinuses. Sinusitis drops are popular because they quickly eliminate the unpleasant symptoms of the disease. There are many nasal medications on the pharmaceutical market. All the products act differently, some simply facilitate nasal breathing, while others have a therapeutic effect.

Conventionally, all nasal drops can be divided into the following groups:

• Vasoconstrictors.
• Drops with antibiotics.
• Herbal preparations.
• Drops with sea water.

The doctor should select the medicine based on the test results and the causative agent of the inflammatory process. Popular nasal remedies:

• Sinuforte - made on the basis of cyclamen, quickly relieve swelling and do not irritate the mucous membrane. Their only drawback is a slight burning sensation in the nasopharynx.
• Isofra is a mild vasoconstrictor. Safe for use during pregnancy and for pediatric patients.
• Polydexa – has an anti-inflammatory effect, quickly relieves nasal congestion.
• Sinupret is an anti-inflammatory drug that effectively strengthens the immune system.
• Protargol drops - the product facilitates breathing and helps well with chronic inflammation. The composition of the drug includes silver, so the medicine has an antimicrobial effect.

Antibiotics for sinusitis during pregnancy

Antibiotics are very often used to treat any inflammatory diseases. Antibiotics for sinusitis during pregnancy are prescribed by the attending physician. Taking such medications on your own is contraindicated, as this threatens various side effects that can negatively affect both the female body and the development of the fetus.

When treating sinusitis, every expectant mother should know the following:

• The acute form of the disease is treated with antibiotics. Most often, pregnant women are prescribed: 3rd generation cephalosporins, Azithromycin, Spiramycin or Agumentin.
• It is better not to use antibiotic tablets for treatment. Therefore, the doctor prescribes washing the maxillary sinuses with drugs. During such procedures, the patient is prescribed antihistamines to reduce swelling of the mucous membrane.

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Folk treatment of sinusitis during pregnancy

Treatment of rhinosinusitis during pregnancy is complicated by the presence of contraindications to the use of many pharmacological agents. Traditional treatment is considered safe, as it involves the use of herbal medicinal components.

Let's look at the most effective and proven methods of alternative medicine:

• The simplest and most accessible method of treatment that can be done at home is warming up the maxillary sinuses. To do this, use a warm boiled egg or salt heated in a frying pan in a cloth bag. The remedy must be applied alternately to the maxillary sinuses for 5-10 minutes.
• To facilitate nasal breathing, you can rinse with a concentrated decoction of chamomile or sea salt. Chamomile should be brewed in a water bath and carefully filtered, and sea salt should be dissolved in boiled water.
• At the final stage of sinusitis, you can do therapeutic inhalations. For these purposes, ordinary boiled potatoes are suitable. The patient needs to sit over a pot of potatoes, cover his head with a towel and breathe. The duration of the procedure depends on the speed of cooling of the steam.

The use of folk methods should be agreed with the attending physician. Since there is no certainty that such self-medication will not cause side effects.

Herbal treatment

The use of herbal components to eliminate inflammatory diseases is a folk method. Herbal treatment helps relieve swelling of the mucous membrane, reduce inflammation and remove purulent contents.

Herbs are used to make decoctions or use their fresh juice. Let's consider effective medicinal herbs for sinusitis:

• Make a decoction from calendula flowers and soak cotton swabs in it. Insert them into the maxillary sinuses. To prepare the decoction, take 1-2 spoons of dry calendula flowers and pour 1-2 cups of boiling water. The remedy should be infused for 2 hours, after which it should be carefully filtered and can be used.
• An excellent anti-inflammatory remedy is prepared from the juice of European cyclamen tubers. The plant must be crushed and the juice squeezed out well. 2 drops of juice are instilled into each nostril once a day for 5-7 days.
• Kalanchoe leaves have medicinal properties. The leaves must be washed, crushed and filtered, that is, squeezed to obtain pure juice. A couple of drops of the remedy are instilled into each nostril. The duration of treatment is up to 10 days.

Homeopathy

Treatment of rhinosinusitis in expectant mothers with homeopathic remedies is an alternative to antibiotics and medications. Homeopathy can only be used as prescribed by a doctor with a preliminary examination of the patient. Most often, the following remedies are prescribed for therapy:

• Asinis.
• Cinnabsin.
• Kalium Iodatum.
• Euphorbium compositum.
• Mercurius Solubilis.
• Cinnabar.
• Silicea.

The duration of the treatment course depends on the form of inflammation and the general condition of the pregnant woman's body, so it is determined by a homeopath. Homeopathy stimulates the immune system, which speeds up the recovery process. But before you start using such remedies, you need to understand that the treatment will take longer, unlike conservative therapy.

Surgical treatment of sinusitis during pregnancy

Surgical intervention for inflammation of the maxillary sinuses is used for chronic forms of the disease and is considered an extreme measure. Surgical treatment during pregnancy is not recommended, since the operation involves the use of various medications. The effect of which negatively affects the patient's well-being and the development of the unborn child.

The main goal of surgical intervention is to release the sinuses blocked with pus. During the operation, polyps, tissues and parts of bone can be removed. There are several types of surgery, the implementation of which depends on how much and which sinus is blocked, on the expected volume of tissue to be removed.

Let's consider the main types of surgical treatment:

• Puncture (diagnostic puncture)

It is used to eliminate inflammation, remove mucus and pus. Before the procedure, the doctor performs local anesthesia and punctures the bony septum with a special needle. Using a syringe, the contents of the nasal cavity are sucked out and washed.

• Endoscopic surgery

It is performed if conservative therapy has not yielded the expected results. An endoscope and a surgical instrument are inserted into the nose. With their help, the doctor removes bone partitions, defective tissues and removes purulent exudate. The entire procedure takes no more than 90 minutes.

• Classic operation

This type of surgical intervention is advisable to perform in case of chronic inflammation with complications. During the operation, the doctor removes part of the tissue or bone, ensuring normal drainage of purulent and mucous contents of the maxillary sinuses.

• Balloon sinuplasty

A low-trauma operation, the main purpose of which is to widen the anastomoses between the nose and paranasal sinuses. During the operation, special guides and flexible catheters are used. When entering the sinus cavity, the cuff on the catheter is inflated, which increases the diameter of the anastomoses.

• Operation Caldwell-Luc

This is a radical surgical intervention, performed in case of irreversible changes in the mucous membrane of the nasal sinuses and the ineffectiveness of more gentle methods. The procedure is performed under anesthesia. The doctor makes an incision above the upper lip on the side of the affected sinus. Using a drill, a small hole is made, opening access to the sinus. The surgeon completely removes pathological exudate and deformed tissues.

After any operation, the patient has a recovery period, the duration of which depends on the scope of the surgical intervention. For a speedy recovery, patients are prescribed antibiotics, antihistamines, vasoconstrictors and glucocorticoid drugs.