Early pregnancy miscarriage

A miscarriage is considered to be the rejection of a fetus by a woman’s body before 20 weeks.

In medicine, a miscarriage is often called a spontaneous abortion. Every fifth pregnant woman risks losing her baby. Most often, miscarriages occur in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, and this can happen even when the woman does not suspect that she is pregnant. Most women who have had a miscarriage go through the next pregnancy without any problems and give birth to a healthy baby.

Miscarriage in early pregnancy occurs more often in women over 45 years of age.

Every woman who wants to become a mother should know that in the first trimester the probability of spontaneous abortion is quite high.

Causes of Miscarriage in Early Pregnancy

A miscarriage in early pregnancy can be caused by quite a few reasons. Sometimes it happens that the reason that led to such severe consequences for a woman remains unknown.

One of the reasons may be various genetic pathologies, when the fetus is not viable, in which case the woman's body gets rid of it on its own. In this case, it is not possible to save the pregnancy.

It is quite important to take folic acid several months before conception, as a deficiency can lead to abnormal development of the neural tube.

Hormonal imbalances are one of the common causes of spontaneous abortions. Progesterone in a woman's body is responsible for preserving the embryo in the first half of pregnancy, but most women have a deficiency of this hormone. In this case, pregnancy must be supported with medications.

Infections are one of the serious reasons for rejection of the fetus by the woman's body. Even a minor cold can lead to serious consequences. However, most often, miscarriage occurs due to sexually transmitted infections, which were contracted during pregnancy.

A very strong immune system of a woman can also contribute to the rejection of the fetus. It is known that a human embryo carries half of the father's genetic information, which is foreign to the mother's body. It turns out that the fetus is only half compatible with the mother's body. During conception, a special situation occurs in the woman's body: new foreign substances must be suppressed by the immune system and at the same time it is necessary to provide the embryo with everything necessary for its normal development. In order for the body to accept a new creature developing in it, the immune system must radically change its operating principle. With a sufficiently strong defense of the body, a woman is recommended to take a course of special drugs that suppress the immune system.

Various external influences can also cause the rejection of the fetus by the body. X-rays, medications, some herbs used in folk medicine - all this can provoke a miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy. A woman who wants to become a mother should pay close attention to her own health, not self-medicate and not take medications without special need. When treating diseases, it is necessary to inform your doctor so that appropriate therapy can be prescribed.

[ 1 ], [ 2 ], [ 3 ]

Symptoms of Miscarriage in Early Pregnancy

In medicine, miscarriages in early pregnancy are conventionally divided into the following groups:

• threat of spontaneous abortion;
• inevitable or incomplete miscarriage;
• complete rejection of the fetus;
• secondary miscarriage;
• failed spontaneous miscarriage.

The main symptoms of a miscarriage include pain in the lower abdomen and lower back (especially cramping), vaginal discharge (white-pink, bloody, brown, spotting or constant), bleeding (if pieces of mucus and tissue come out during bleeding, then a spontaneous abortion is diagnosed), nausea (sometimes vomiting).

Diagnosis of miscarriage in early pregnancy

If a woman suspects a miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy, she must consult a gynecologist and, if necessary, take all the tests. In most cases, timely medical assistance helps to maintain the pregnancy and give birth to a healthy child. If a miscarriage is suspected, the doctor will examine the woman, assess the condition of the cervix, after which the specialist must necessarily refer the woman for an ultrasound scan to assess the current condition of the fetus. If the threat of miscarriage is confirmed. Usually, the woman is sent for inpatient treatment to maintain the pregnancy, since during this period complete rest and bed rest are extremely important for the pregnant woman.

In order to establish possible causes of spontaneous abortion, as well as to prescribe effective treatment, the following tests are prescribed:

• blood test for sex hormones, thyroid hormones, intrauterine infection, and antibodies to hCG;
• urine analysis;
• smear for the presence of chlamydia and mycoplasma infections.

[ 4 ], [ 5 ]

Treatment of miscarriage in early pregnancy

Early pregnancy miscarriage is treated taking into account the results of the study and the general condition of the patient.

Gestagens are hormones that regulate pregnancy. Duphaston and Utrozhestan are highly effective in cases of threatened spontaneous abortion. Such hormonal drugs are mainly prescribed for a lack of progesterone in the female body, which is responsible for the preparation of the inner layer of the uterus (endometrium), the development of the placenta, and the safety of the fetus. Such drugs should be taken only after a doctor's prescription and under his strict supervision.

Glucocorticoids are hormones produced by the adrenal glands. Such drugs are prescribed when the body of a pregnant woman produces an increased amount of male sex hormones. Usually in this case, doctors recommend Metipred, Dexamethasone.

Hemostatic and antihemorrogenic drugs are prescribed when uterine bleeding occurs. Dicynone is very effective in this case.

Antispasmodics - these drugs relax the uterine muscles, which become toned when the rejection process begins. In the early stages of pregnancy, No-shpa, papaverine, and baralgin are usually used.

Vitamin complexes and microelements, in particular magnesium B6, vitamin E, folic acid, as well as sedatives based on plant extracts (valerian, motherwort, etc.).

Typically, after successful treatment of a threatened miscarriage, a woman is advised to continue taking the prescribed medications for some time.

How to prevent miscarriage in early pregnancy?

Miscarriage in early pregnancy can be caused by both external and internal factors. If it is difficult to influence the production of hormones by the pregnant woman's body, there are some situations when a woman can prevent the threat of miscarriage.

First of all, physical activity should be moderate, it is best to choose a special complex for women, taking into account the pregnancy period. You cannot carry heavy bags, try to lift children and any other weights as little as possible. A woman in the first trimester should be extremely careful. Especially if she has had miscarriages in the past.

A pregnant woman should not take hot baths, as such procedures lead to an increase in body temperature and increased blood circulation, which can provoke rejection of the fetus. It is best for a woman to take a shower during this period, if she really wants to lie down and relax in the bath, then the water should not be too hot, it is best to make warm water.

Many women, when they learn that they will soon become mothers, try to prepare a room for the future child. However, it is worth remembering that the vapors that give off paints, glue, etc. are dangerous not only for the pregnant woman, but also for the fetus.

There are women who believe that vitamins cannot cause any harm, and that they can be consumed in excess during pregnancy, as this will contribute to the birth of a healthy child. However, an overdose of vitamins can have a detrimental effect on the development of the child. And an excess of vitamins can also be one of the causes of miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy. A woman in position should be extremely careful with vitamin A, C.

Previously, sex in early pregnancy was considered one of the reasons leading to increased uterine tone and, as a consequence, miscarriage. Modern doctors believe that sex itself cannot provoke a threat of interruption (provided that it is not rough, penetration is not deep and not sharp). Positive emotions are very useful for the expectant mother, since such a state of the woman has a beneficial effect on the development of the child. Sex is contraindicated only if there is an existing threat of miscarriage, in this case it can serve as an impetus for the beginning of the rejection process.

Miscarriage in early pregnancy is a rather serious condition, which can still be prevented if medical assistance is provided in time. However, sometimes there are cases when neither the woman nor the doctors are able to stop the process of rejection of the fetus. Therefore, it is extremely important to undergo a complete examination of the body before pregnancy, which will help to promptly identify and eliminate possible health problems for the woman. Such measures will help to avoid serious consequences in the future that negatively affect the health of the woman, both physical and psychological.