Cystitis in early pregnancy: signs, consequences

It has long been no secret that the beautiful half of humanity, because of its physiological characteristics, suffers from inflammation of the bladder much more often than not. And it is in the happiest period for a woman - pregnancy, the risk of getting sick with this pathology increases at times.

It is in the early gestation period that this pathology arises particularly often, sometimes even before the woman learned of her "interesting" position. In addition, cystitis is referred to the number of nonspecific or conditional signs of the onset of the gestational period.

[1], [2], [3]

Epidemiology

Statistics show that every tenth woman in the first trimester of pregnancy suffers from this pathology, if you do not take into account hidden and sluggish forms.

[4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]

Causes of the cystitis in early pregnancy

Because of hormonal changes in the body of a pregnant woman, immunity is significantly reduced. This is the main reason for the inflammation of the bladder.

The factors of the origin of this pathology are divided depending on what they have nature: infectious or non-infectious nature. So, for example:

1. Infectious inflammation of the bladder:
   • conditionally pathogenic microorganisms (Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus);
   • very risky for this period pathogens venereal pathologies (Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma parvum, Trichomonas vaginalis);
2. Noninfectious inflammation of the bladder:
   • stress;
   • exhaustion;
   • supercooling;
   • dysbiosis of the vagina;
   • use of medicines for an extended period of time;
   • violation of the integrity of the walls of the bladder.

Due to the fact that during pregnancy, the protective function of the immune system is very low in pregnant women, inflammation of the bladder is mainly infectious. In addition, if a woman has suffered from this pathology to pregnancy from time to time, then the likelihood of repeat it significantly increases.

[10], [11], [12]

Risk factors

Risk factors for the onset of cystitis in early pregnancy can be:

• decreased immunity;
• hormone replacement;
• violation of the microflora of the vagina;
• The presence in the patient's medical history of a tendency to this pathology.

[13], [14]

Pathogenesis

In the first weeks of pregnancy from the moment of hypothermia or other influencing factor before the onset of the first symptoms there passes very little time, and the disease itself always begins acutely.

[15], [16], [17], [18]

Symptoms of the cystitis in early pregnancy

Inflammation of the bladder in early pregnancy can take place in two forms:

1. Acute:
   • Rapid urination with pain;
   • Pain in the lower abdomen (from pulling with a slight soreness at the end of urination to harsh with an inability to retain urine);
   • Presence of blood in urine;
   • Increased body temperature.
2. Chronic:
   • The same signs as in acute form, but more pronounced.

Complications and consequences

Inflammation of the bladder is not as harmless as it might seem at first glance. In women during gestation, due to physiological conditions, the inflammation is very opaque, since it can cause many complications.

The most serious complication may be the spread of infection further along the urinary tract and the onset of gestational pyelonephritis. He, in turn, can lead to such complications:

• Interruption of pregnancy;
• Infection of the fetus in the womb;
• To infectious - toxic shock soyatoyaniyu;
• Acute renal function failure;
• Abscessing;
• Paranephritis;
• Fetoplacental insufficiency.

That is why it is so important at the first sign of inflammation of the bladder to seek help from a doctor. Cystitis has no effect on the conception of the child, but it complicates the course of pregnancy.

Is the occurrence of inflammation of the bladder at an early gestational age a risky one?

If a woman does not self-medicate and if the initial symptoms of inflammation of the bladder appeals to the doctor, then the probability of a positive result of treatment without consequences for her and the child is significantly increased.

[19], [20], [21], [22]

Diagnostics of the cystitis in early pregnancy

Diagnosis of this pathological process goes through the following stages:

• Complaints of the patient;
• General study of urine - it can be seen: the density of urine, the presence of protein or microorganisms, the number of leukocytes and erythrocytes.
• General examination of the blood - it can be seen in it: signs of inflammation, elevated leukocyte count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Most often in the blood there will be no clear changes. If they are strongly pronounced - it will tell about a strong inflammatory process and possible exacerbations;
• Inspection from an obstetrician - gynecologist;
• Ultrasound examination (in particular cervicometry) - for differentiation with abortion;
• Inspection of the urologist - it is he who evaluates the results of the tests and prescribes the treatment. Gynecologist - controls the progress of treatment. A repeated examination of the urologist may be necessary in case of low efficiency or recurrence of pathology.
• Study of urine by Nechiporenko. The urinary content of leukocytes, erythrocytes and cylinders is estimated.
• Research of urine in Zimnitskiy. The density of urine at different times of the day is determined, the prevalence of urine volume in utrene or evening time.
• The presence of protein in urine per day. The decrease in protein in urine per day is determined.
• Sowing of urine on microflora and resistance to drugs with antibacterial activity.

[23], [24], [25], [26]

Treatment of the cystitis in early pregnancy

The main thing in this period is not to take self-medication. The attending doctor will prescribe the most sparing treatment, so the most important thing in the early stages of gestation is not to harm the child's health. Therefore, potent drugs, for example, such as Monural, are unlikely to be appointed.

Treatment will consist of several stages:

1. Therapy for the removal of inflammation:

The doctor can prescribe medicines in the form of pills and injections.

For example, in this period you can use: Ibuklin, Diclofenac, Paracetamol, Ibuprofen.

You can not use, because of the probability of miscarriage or development of anomalies in the child: Meloxicam, Celecoxib.

2. Antifungal therapy:

Drugs with antifungal activity may be prescribed exclusively by the treating doctor, having previously estimated the likely risks for the child with the benefit for his mother. A medication is prescribed only if the analysis shows the presence of a pathogenic microflora. You need to take them inside.

3. Instillation:

Due to the fact that at the early stages of the gestational period the use of antibacterial drugs is not possible, the attending doctor can prescribe the installation of the bladder. The procedure consists in injecting an antibiotic solution through the urethral canal into the bladder. Due to this, local antibacterial action takes place without any effect on the fetus.

Drug therapy

For the treatment of inflammation of the bladder, you can use such schemes:

1. Fosfomycin trometamol is three grams, powders, one-time inward;
2. Cefixime - four hundred mggrams 1 time / day, a week;
3. Ceftibuten is four hundred milligrams once a day, a week;
4. Cefuroxime 250-500 mg (pills, inside 2 times / day a week;
5. Amoxicillin / clavulanate, pills, capsules - 500/125 mg 3 times / day. A week.

A couple of days after the start of treatment of one of the schemes, one must conduct mandatory bacteriological control of urine.

If the pathogens are not detected, the therapy can be completed.

If the pathogen is detected during repeated analyzes, the regimen should be started again, even if there are no clinical manifestations.

Then every month, before the beginning of labor, the patient must necessarily pass urine for bakposveva, even if the pathogen is not detected.

In the case when uropathogen, after the second course of treatment, is found again - it is necessary to periodically carry out microbial - suppressive therapy right up to the beginning of labor.

However, it is worth noting that many doctors consider this therapy to be toxic, and it is highly undesirable in the gestational period. Therefore, they recommend using antimicrobial therapy only at times of exacerbation of chronic inflammation of the bladder.

The main problematic factors that manifest themselves during the therapy of inflammation:

1. Presence of concomitant pathology in the form of vaginal dysbiosis;
2. Increase in the level of antibiotic resistance;
3. High risk of recurrence and transition of pathology to chronic form;
4. Long run time of bacteriosia urine;
5. A rapid clinical picture of pathology;
6. Women's addiction to self-treatment, which greatly complicates the diagnosis.

Alternative treatment

In addition to the main treatment in this period, after consultation with the doctor, as an additional treatment, alternative means can be used. But it is worth remembering that, using self-medication, a woman runs the risk of aggravating the pathology process and prolonging the duration of therapy. In alternative treatment, such schemes are used to treat this pathological process:

1. Shredded roots of asparagus (twenty grams) should be covered with a glass of water and insist. Drink four times a day for half a glass.
2. Oat grain (glass) should be poured with two glasses of boiling water. Then put in a water bath and boil until the water is reduced by half. Then add two tablespoons of honey and boil again for about five to ten minutes. Eat half a glass three times a day.
3. Khvoi field (two glasses) pour a glass of boiling water and insist. Eat fifty to seventy milliliters of this infusion four times a day.
4. Grass blooming mint (twenty grams) you need to pour 1.5 liters of hot water and boil for five to ten minutes. Then you need to cool everything. Use three times a day for one glass.
5. Berries of red mountain ash and a leaf of a cowberry should be mixed in the ratio of three to one. One tablespoon of the collection should be covered with a glass of boiling water and insisted for three to four hours. Next, the infusion should be filtered. Take half a cup for half an hour and eat three to four times a day, add a teaspoon of honey to the infusion.

Herbal Treatment

Phytotherapy can be used during gestation as an auxiliary. Indications for it are:

• The active phase of the inflammatory process (only in combination with antibiotic therapy);
• To increase the duration of the effect, after the treatment;
• During the period of remission;
• For prevention, in order to prevent recurrence of urinary infection in women during gestation, who have a history of heaviness.

As a phytotheparium, you can use:

1. Kanefron N is a herbal medicament that is used two times a day three times a day with a large volume of water. Duration of therapeutic treatment of two weeks. It is used in joint treatment with other medicines and as a medicine in time for recovery.
2. Brusniver is a collection of plants that is used internally in the form of freshly brewed broth or infusion.

To make the broth you need: one tile of substance pour 0.5 liters of hot water and boil a quarter of an hour, after insisting for 45 minutes.

Infusion needs to be prepared a little differently: one plate of the substance needs to be poured with 0.5 liters of water, which boils and is infused in a thermos for two hours. You need to take one third of one quarter cup three to four times a day from one week to one month. Brusniver is also used for combination therapy of the pathological process in the bladder, since it is almost impossible to cope with this infection with a single herb collection.

3. Zhuravit is a herbal preparation based on cranberry extract and ascorbic acid. Zhuravit is presented in the pharmaceutical market in the form of capsules, they should be consumed one piece three times a day in the first three days of the pathological process, and then one capsule in the morning. The duration of therapeutic treatment can be very different and subject to the course of the disease.
4. Cystone is a herbal preparation in a pill. It does not contain both data on the possibility of using on time gestation, and on the impossibility. Therefore, if the patient does not have an increased sensitivity to any constituent of the drug, it can be used in this period. Use two pills twice a day before the removal of the inflammatory process.

Homeopathy

Of course, many women prefer homeopathic treatment to antibacterial. But in this case, every woman who prefers this method of treatment should know that a positive effect can be seen only if the treatment is provided by a qualified medical professional.

However, even official medicine in the case when it comes to treating a woman during gestation, prefers homeopathic treatment.

Homeopathy has been shown to be highly effective as an adjuvant, as an adjunct to antibiotic therapy. Practice shows that due to homeopathy, there is an increase in the effectiveness of treatment, the process of recovery is faster.

Most often used are homeopathic medicines such as: Kanefron and Tsiston.

Kanefron is a medicinal product that is virtually devoid of side effects, and also helps to speed up the treatment quickly and efficiently without affecting the child. In addition, it can be used as a preventive agent.

Cyston is a medicinal product, which is characterized by antibacterial activity plus a number of other properties. But despite this, can not be used as a main therapy, only as an auxiliary.

Prevention

There are several points for preventing the onset of an inflammatory process in the bladder. If a pregnant woman will follow them, she will significantly reduce the likelihood of this pathological process.

• First. It is necessary to carefully monitor your health and, at the slightest deviation from the norm, immediately seek help from a specialist;
• The second. It is necessary to empty the bladder, in no case do not tolerate it;
• Third. Eliminate any possibility of hypothermia;

Fourth. If the attending doctor does not determine any contraindications, be sure to drink a sufficient amount of liquid.

In addition to these recommendations, it is also necessary to engage in physical activity (to the extent allowed by the attending physician), if for this the pregnant woman does not have contraindications for this.

[27], [28], [29], [30]

Forecast

In the event that a pregnant woman is treated under the supervision of a doctor and the treatment will have a positive result, the likelihood of developing negative effects will be significantly reduced, and inflammation of the bladder will no longer disturb her during the period of bearing the child. But if this pathology is not treated to the end, then the probability of its occurrence will increase again at times.

[31], [32], [33], [34], [35]