Biochemical analysis in pregnancy

Biochemical analysis during pregnancy is a mandatory test. With the help of biochemical blood testing, you can find out about the presence of inflammation in the body, identify disorders in the functioning of all systems and organs.

For the analysis, venous blood is taken on an empty stomach, the day before it is better not to eat food with preservatives, fatty foods, it is better to drink only water. The analysis is done when registering, at 28 and 34 weeks.

A detailed blood test provides information on the following indicators:

• Protein content (albumin, globulin).
• Content of lipid fractions (phospholipids, triglycerides, etc.).
• Content of carbohydrate fractions, glucose.
• Content of enzymes (cholinesterase, creatine kinase, lipase, etc.).
• The state of electrolyte balance (percentage of iron, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, etc.).
• Detection of iron deficiency markers – serum iron, YSS, transferrin, ferritin.
• Bilirubin content in the blood.
• Content of urea, creatinine, urea.
• Antibody content.

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Ferritin test during pregnancy

Ferritin analysis during pregnancy has an important diagnostic value. Based on the data of the analysis, it is possible to detect the development of iron deficiency anemia at an early stage, and during pregnancy this is very important, since not only the mother but also the fetus usually suffers from iron deficiency (provoking the development of oxygen starvation).

With the help of the analysis, it is possible not only to diagnose anemia in a timely manner, but also to assess the iron reserves in the body, identify foci of chronic inflammation, and diagnose tumor diseases.

Ferritin analysis is the most convenient method for diagnosing the percentage of ferritin. It also allows you to evaluate the quality of iron absorption, proportional to the percentage of ferritin in the blood. The normal content of ferritin is 13-150 μg / l. If its percentage increases to 400 μg / l or more, this indicates liver pathologies in the acute or chronic phase, chronic renal failure, with certain tumor diseases (pulmonary carcinoma, colon carcinoma, liver carcinoma, prostate gland, leukemia in the acute phase, Hodgkin's disease). With a ferritin content of less than 10-15 μg / l, uncomplicated iron deficiency anemia develops.

It is better to give blood for analysis in the first half of the day, on an empty stomach, the last meal should be no earlier than 8 hours ago, and the food should be light and low-calorie. Also, the analysis cannot be carried out if treatment is being carried out at the same time.

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Sugar test during pregnancy

A sugar test during pregnancy is taken repeatedly throughout the entire period of gestation. The expectant mother takes not only urine, but also blood for sugar - this way you can track any physiological changes in her body and notice such a disorder as diabetes in time.

Pregnancy is one of the factors that contribute to the development of diabetes, so being in an "interesting" position, you need to pay special attention to the level of glucose in the blood and urine. The risk group includes those pregnant women who:

• Have a hereditary predisposition to diabetes.
• The pregnant woman is over 35 years old.
• The pregnant woman is overweight or has a documented case of obesity.
• Previously, the pregnancy was complicated or ended in miscarriage.
• The pregnant woman was treated for infertility with hormones.
• The pregnant woman had already given birth to large children (this indicates a latent form of diabetes).

During pregnancy, you need to take a blood sugar test twice - at 8-12 and 30 weeks. If the first test shows an increase in blood sugar, then an additional TSH test is performed to check how the pancreas is coping with its task. It is correct to take a blood sugar test in the morning, on an empty stomach, so as not to get a false result.

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Coagulogram analysis during pregnancy

Every woman should undergo a coagulogram test during pregnancy. This test can help you find out how quickly your blood clots and how quickly bleeding is eliminated physiologically. A shift in coagulation norms can cause very serious complications during pregnancy. Thus, a tendency to thrombosis can provoke a stroke, heart attack, venous thrombosis, and also lead to termination of pregnancy. Also, a high rate of thrombus formation can affect the health of the fetus - lead to the formation of a brain anomaly.

Throughout the pregnancy, a coagulogram test should be done at least three times. A blood sample should be given on an empty stomach, the last meal should be no earlier than 8 hours ago. If there are deviations in the results of the coagulation tests, then it may be necessary to give blood again or conduct additional examination. If the pregnant woman has varicose veins, liver disease or autoimmune pathologies, then the test will have to be taken more often than three times, even if the pregnancy is proceeding without dangerous complications.

Normal coagulogram test during pregnancy:

• APTT value is 17-20 s;
• Fibrinogen value – up to 6.5 g/l;
• Lupus anticoagulant value - none;
• Platelet count: 131-402 thousand/μl;
• Prothrombin value – 78-142%;
• Thrombin time – 18-25 s;
• D-dimer value: 33-726 ng/ml;
• The value of antithrombin III is 70-115%.

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Lupus Testing During Pregnancy

It is necessary to conduct a lupus test during pregnancy, since the disease may proceed in a latent form, but later significantly complicate the course of pregnancy. Lupus during pregnancy can cause:

• Preeclampsia is a serious condition in which kidney function is affected and blood pressure increases.
• Miscarriage. A quarter of lupus pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion or stillbirth.
• Premature birth.
• Intrauterine growth retardation and fetal development.
• Placental thrombosis. Due to the immune conflict in lupus, a large number of fetuses are formed, and this leads to a decrease in the permeability of the placenta and a lack of nutrients and oxygen in the fetus.

If chronic lupus is confirmed in a pregnant woman, an individual treatment plan is drawn up to not only support the mother's body, but also to maintain its normal growth and development. If Ro and La antibodies are detected in the woman's blood, this means that the future child will already have neonatal lupus, which manifests itself as a rash and a decrease in platelet levels. But after 3-6 months, the disease passes, but there is a chance that the baby will have mild heart pathologies that require additional treatment.

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Antibody test during pregnancy

Antibody testing during pregnancy is performed to exclude the possibility of a Rh-conflict between the mother and the unborn child. If the expectant mother has a negative Rh factor and the fetus has a positive Rh factor, this often causes miscarriage or provokes hemolytic disease in the baby. It is better to deal with the issue of determining the Rh factor, blood type and identifying whether there are alloimmune anti-erythrocyte antibodies in the blood before planning pregnancy or in its early stages in order to take the necessary measures to manage the pregnancy. If the expectant mother has a positive Rh factor and the fetus has a negative Rh factor, then the pregnancy is not in danger and there are no reasons for the development of hemolytic disease.

Antibodies are special proteins, an increase in the level of some of them can negatively affect the health of the future child. If the antibody content is higher than 1:4, then it will be necessary to undergo ultrasound more often to monitor the condition of the fetus. If the antibody titer does not increase throughout the pregnancy, then this is a prerequisite for the successful bearing of the fetus.

It is better to give blood for antibody analysis during pregnancy in the first half of the day and not to eat too much fatty and protein food the day before. If the fact of Rh-conflict is confirmed and the antibody titer is high, a decision is made on special monitoring of pregnancy.

Biochemical analysis during pregnancy makes it possible to monitor changes in the body of the expectant mother during pregnancy and diagnose deviations at an early stage and ensure effective and correct treatment of the problem that has arisen.

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