Amniotic fluid leakage: causes, signs, what it looks like, definition

Pregnancy is a hectic time, full of worries and alarming symptoms. One of the reasons for concern is the fear of not recognizing amniotic fluid leakage. Women are often interested in the symptoms and mechanism of this phenomenon: how to distinguish when amniotic fluid leaks out, and when the discharge is completely natural and does not require concern. In many cases, such leakage remains unnoticed only because the woman confuses the release of amniotic fluid with intense vaginal discharge of a natural nature. Often in practice, there are such moments when women worry absolutely in vain. The discharge that they took for amniotic fluid actually turns out to be natural discharge or urine.

That is why it is so important to have at least basic knowledge in this area and to independently distinguish between pathological and normal discharge. The course of further actions depends on this. If amniotic fluid is really leaking, you need to act immediately - call an ambulance, consult a doctor. If the fluid is of a different nature, you should make sure of this as quickly as possible and not worry for a single extra minute.

It is necessary to understand that amniotic fluid means a liquid that acts as a habitat for the fetus. It provides reliable protection, supplies nutrients, removes waste products and toxins. Also, thanks to this environment, the child is completely safe and protected from the damaging effects of mechanical factors. The liquid promotes a comfortable position in which the walls of the uterus do not squeeze the fetus, provides turgor, serves as a shock absorber for movements, and ensures normal and complete formation.

The fluid containing the fetal membranes has bactericidal properties, which prevents contamination by microorganisms from the external environment.

The amniotic sac serves as a receptacle for this fluid, and its development and formation occurs as the child develops. The amount of fluid also increases as the child develops, up to 1-1.5 liters by the expected date of birth. It is formed by the sweating of components of the mother's blood through the placental vessels.

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Epidemiology

Despite the fact that such a phenomenon does take place, and is much talked about and written about, it is not very common. Leakage is observed in approximately one case out of 30,000. There are constant disputes among scientists and practitioners regarding what volume of amniotic fluid should be considered normal. Doctors agree that the volume is directly dependent on the gestational age and is approximately 35 ml at the tenth week. By the fourteenth week, this volume increases approximately 3 times and is on average 100 ml. At the twentieth week, this volume is 400 ml. The largest volume of fluid is observed at the 38th week - approximately 1000-1500 ml. Immediately before the birth of the baby, these figures decrease and reach approximately 1000 ml.

The composition of amniotic fluid is quite interesting: approximately 98% of it is water, the rest is substances dissolved in it. In 85% of women, the waters flow out at the established time, in 15% it happens prematurely.

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Causes amniotic fluid leakage

The ability to take the right measures is directly proportional to the knowledge of the reasons for the amniotic fluid leak. The problem is that determining the exact cause of the leak is a rather complex and labor-intensive process. It is not always possible to determine one specific reason.

Knowing the causes of leakage is necessary to be able to take the right measures. It is quite difficult to determine the exact cause of leakage. Especially when the amount of water is insignificant. Research on this issue is still being conducted by scientists from different countries of the world, and there is still no exact answer. Most researchers identify a number of reasons that can directly or indirectly affect this phenomenon. On average, five main reasons are identified.

Most researchers are inclined to assume that leakage is a consequence of infectious and inflammatory diseases affecting both external and internal reproductive organs. These processes are closely related to the development of pathogenic microflora. As a result, the placenta and fetal membranes soften. The process can end in severe bleeding, the fetus can be exposed to hypoxia.

The process can also begin because the fetus is not presented correctly and the pelvic area is narrowed. This causes leakage and is accompanied by a slow opening of the cervix. Also, if there is cervical insufficiency (which is observed in a quarter of pregnant women), the waters will leak. The amniotic sac protrudes, becomes highly vulnerable, which significantly increases the risk of developing an infectious process. The amniotic cavity becomes inflamed, inside which pathogenic microflora develops.

The effects of chemicals, drugs, harmful substances, nicotine, pathological lesions of bone tissue, large fetus size, twins lead to cervical insufficiency, which can cause leakage.

Often, leakage begins because the woman has undergone invasive examination methods. Taking amniotic fluid is especially negative if the woman has undergone a chorionic villus biopsy.

After sex, there is intense discharge, often mistakenly confused with amniotic fluid. It is important to remember that natural vaginal discharge is quite intense. After sex, it intensifies. Additionally, sperm is added to all the fluid. In addition, sperm contains prostaglandins, which stimulate additional mucus synthesis. Leakage occurs only with the likelihood of miscarriage, excessive tone. During sexual intercourse, arousal occurs, the tone intensifies. For your own peace of mind, it is better to get tested.

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Risk factors

If a woman has an infectious process in the genital area, she automatically falls into the risk group. Especially if the problems arose long before the woman became pregnant. Women in labor with congenital defects of the uterus and cervical insufficiency require increased attention, since the cervix loses the ability to resist the pressure of the growing child. In case of polyhydramnios and multiple pregnancy, some fluid may leak.

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Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis is based on a pathological condition of the cervix, in which it does not close sufficiently and some of the fluid leaks out. In this situation, microorganisms easily penetrate the cervix, causing an inflammatory and infectious process. As a result of the vital activity and reproduction of microorganisms, the inflammatory process spreads further, the walls of the uterus become thinner, the fetal membranes also become thin and lose elasticity. They are not able to fully perform their functions. The process worsens, and fluid begins to leak through the cervix. It can be released in drops, almost imperceptibly, or abundantly. In later stages of pregnancy, leakage can occur as a result of the pelvic floor muscles relaxing, and it becomes impossible to control the outflow of fluid.

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Symptoms amniotic fluid leakage

It is quite difficult to detect leakage if the woman is in the early stages. Firstly, the volume of fluid is still small. Secondly, all discharge increases, which can confuse the woman, confuse the sensations. Amniotic fluid can be recognized by its transparent or greenish tint and the absence of any odor. Discharge increases if you lie down horizontally. It is involuntary, and cannot be controlled.

In the later stages, it is much easier to detect leakage, or rather, it is impossible not to notice it: there is a large discharge of fluid, about 0.5 liters. At these stages, the fluid already acquires a slight specific smell, accompanied by contractions. This is a sign of approaching labor, which usually occurs within the next 3 hours.

First signs

If wet spots appear on your underwear, these are the first signs. At the initial stages, the amount of liquid is insignificant, later - abundant. If at first the liquid can seep in small drops and you can not notice it, then at later stages the liquid pours out, has an unusual smell.

Normal leakage of amniotic fluid

Normally, the outpouring of fluid should only occur when labor has already begun. It should not occur at other times. The waters flow out through the genital tract. This should not happen earlier than the 38th week. 500 ml of fluid is poured out at a time. The smell is unusual, specific. All this is accompanied by contractions, the strength and intensity gradually increases.

Sensations when amniotic fluid is leaking

There is a sensation of sudden or gradual leakage of fluid from the female genital tract. No specific sensations are observed. No pain, burning, or itching is felt. When fluid leaks out immediately before labor, contractions immediately follow the leakage, which can be painful.

Leakage of amniotic fluid in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd trimester

The only way out of the situation is abortion. There have been no successful cases of preservation in practice so far. Most attempts ended in severe sepsis of the mother and fetus. Leakage is accompanied by the active spread of pathogenic microflora and inflammation, the walls of the amniotic cavity become thinner and lose elasticity. In many cases, leakage is a consequence of a woman falling. It is also often observed in people who have been subjected to violence.

Up to 20 weeks, leakage is always accompanied by inflammation. At this stage, it is impossible to save the baby. If it was possible to save the newborn, it had multiple disorders, often incompatible with life.

The discharge of fluid in the second trimester still entails a number of risks and threats to life. Optimal conditions are created for the penetration of infection inside, its spread and reproduction. As soon as all the grounds for diagnosis appear, an ultrasound is prescribed. With the help of ultrasound, they determine how mature the fetus is, determine the degree of its readiness to exist outside the mother's body.

When the kidneys and respiratory organs are sufficiently developed, they begin to stimulate labor. This is the best option, as it allows you to save the child's life. If the child is not yet mature enough, it is necessary to prolong the pregnancy and wait for the fetus to be ready for birth.

If amniotic fluid leaks in the third trimester, an ultrasound is performed, which allows assessing the degree of maturity of the fetus. If the fetus is ready to exist outside the uterus, labor is stimulated. If the fetus is not mature enough, pregnancy is prolonged.

Leakage of amniotic fluid at 38, 39, 40 weeks of pregnancy

At any of these periods, labor can begin, so if fluid has been released, labor should be expected soon. Usually, contractions and further labor begin immediately after the fluid has been released. If this does not happen, labor should be stimulated after a while to avoid complications. The baby is now ready to be born.

Leaking amniotic fluid without contractions

Usually contractions start immediately. But there are cases when there are no contractions for a long time.

If fluid leakage occurs, you need to quickly go to the maternity hospital, where you must tell the doctor the exact time when the fluid began to leak.

This is information that the doctor uses to determine the child's condition and potential threats. In some cases, there are no contractions after the water breaks. This period can last up to 72 hours. Usually, if there are no contractions within 12 hours after the water breaks, stimulation is performed. If there is a risk of infection, stimulation is performed after 5-6 hours.

Leakage can occur both at night and during the day. Usually, wet marks on the sheets indicate nighttime leakage.

Stages

There are three stages of amniotic fluid leakage: leakage at an early stage of pregnancy is the most dangerous and often ends in a forced abortion.

Leakage in the middle stage of pregnancy is also dangerous, entailing the risk of infection of the fetus. When the baby is sufficiently mature, labor is artificially induced. If the baby is not yet ready for independent existence, prolongation of pregnancy is carried out.

At the third, late stage, leakage is relatively safe. Usually at this time the fetus is already mature and labor occurs: natural or artificially induced. If the fetus is immature, pregnancy is prolonged until maturity.

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Forms

Leakage of amniotic fluid may develop within the normal range, or it may be pathological. In the first case, such a phenomenon is part of natural childbirth, it occurs at the moment when the first stage of labor is nearing its end. In this case, the cervix opens completely or partially. If the leakage is pathological, the effusion can occur at absolutely any stage, even in the first trimester. There are 5 main types of leakage: timely, premature, early, late, and effusion due to a high rupture of the cervical orifice.

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Complications and consequences

It entails unpredictable consequences. They will not occur only if the fetus is full-term and is already capable of living an independent life, outside the uterus. If the pregnancy is premature, serious consequences and complications may be observed, up to intrauterine infection of the fetus and infectious damage to the body. A common complication is chorioamnionitis. Endometritis also often develops, during which the uterus itself becomes inflamed. The consequence is the spread of the infectious process throughout the body.

Why is amniotic fluid leakage dangerous?

Leakage is an unsafe process. The danger is that only part of the liquid remains, and the rest loses the ability to function normally. The fetus becomes vulnerable, the risk of infection and sepsis increases. As a result, both the fetus and the mother may die.

This is due to a violation of the natural barrier that protects the fetus from infection and mechanical damage. Various microorganisms can penetrate this barrier: viruses, bacteria, fungi. The umbilical cord may be compressed, which disrupts normal metabolism. The conditions under which free movement and full development of the fetus are possible are disrupted. The synthesis of necessary components, tightness and sterility are disrupted.

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Diagnostics amniotic fluid leakage

You can diagnose yourself or consult a doctor. They evaluate the nature of the discharge that remains on the sheet, underwear. Commercial test systems are sold. For example, special pads, express tests, the action of which is based on the difference in pH. Amniotic fluid is characterized by the highest acidity. The system contains an indicator that reacts to the liquid that gets on it. In this case, the shade of the indicator and the environment changes.

Special laboratory and instrumental research methods are available at the doctor’s appointment.

How to determine amniotic fluid leakage at home?

You should resort to a small test. The bladder should be empty. The perineum should be clean and not wet. There should be a white cloth on the bed. You should lie down on it, lie quietly, without moving, for about an hour. After that, you can get up. If there is no discharge, you can not worry.

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Rapid tests for amniotic fluid leakage

Most tests are easy to use and not complicated at all. Their operating principle is to determine the acidity level. The indicator interacts with various environments, resulting in chemical reactions. Initially, the tests are yellow. When natural vaginal discharge, the pH of which is 4.5, gets on the indicator, there is no reaction. Because it initially corresponds to this acidity level. The reaction occurs when other liquids get on it, then the color changes.

For example, urine has a pH of 5.5, which corresponds to a greenish-blue tint. The highest acidity index is found in amniotic fluid, pH = 7. When they hit the indicator, it turns an intense blue-green color.

Amniotic fluid leakage detection strips

A method that allows you to clarify the nature of the discharge. The appearance of two stripes indicates the presence of leakage, one stripe indicates that the discharged fluid is not amniotic. If there are no stripes, the test is unsuitable or was performed incorrectly. The procedure must be repeated.

Amniotic fluid leakage test

Experts recommend using two tests - AmniSure® ROM Test and FRAUTEST amnio. They are highly effective and have proven themselves well due to their accuracy and informativeness.

Instructions for the amniotic fluid leakage test

Specialists and manufacturers have developed a special step-by-step instruction. You need to prepare the test, print the package, read the instructions. The test contains a special test tube with a solvent.

It is necessary to collect biological material that will be examined. To do this, take a tampon and make a smear yourself, collecting vaginal discharge on it. After that, the tampon is placed in a test tube with a solvent and the further reaction is observed. The first reaction occurs within 1 minute. If amniotic fluid is released, it contains placental immunoglobulin. It is this that reacts with the solvent.

After this, a special indicator, presented in the kit as a strip, must be placed in the test tube. The result will be known after 5-10 minutes. If there is amniotic fluid, a blue-green color will appear.

Amnisure test for detection of amniotic fluid leakage

Testing should be performed in accordance with the standard instructions for use of such systems. The reaction is manifested by a change in color if placental microglobulin is present in the smear. The main reaction occurs in the test tube between the reagent, the swab with the smear, and the indicator.

The method is absolutely reliable and effective, used both in home practice and in professional practice to detect the leakage of amniotic fluid. The advantage of the test is that it reacts even to minimal amounts of fluid, which makes it possible to detect pathology long before the first visible signs appear.

Pads for leaking amniotic fluid

Today, you can buy special pads that help determine the cause of leaks. The pads look like regular sanitary pads, but they contain an indicator that reacts to even the slightest discharge of amniotic fluid. The test is incredibly simple: the pad is attached to underwear and left on for a whole day. Then its condition is checked. If there is amniotic fluid leakage, the pad changes color, turning blue. If there is any other discharge, there is no change in color.

Frauttest for amniotic fluid leakage

The test is produced by FRAUTEST, whose products are used in professional obstetric practice and are recognized by specialists all over the world. The test is produced in the form of pads, which include an indicator. The amniotic fluid is detected by a change in the color of the test system. The test is carried out for 12 hours.

Grandma's method for detecting amniotic fluid leakage

It is recommended to fold the diaper into 7 layers, place it in the perineal area and walk with it throughout the day. If amniotic fluid leaks, at least 5 layers will be soaked.

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Amniotic fluid leakage test

Sometimes it is quite difficult to make a correct diagnosis. Difficulties arise even when the examination is carried out by a professional. Therefore, the basis of diagnostics is the analysis, which allows obtaining absolutely accurate results. Even instrumental diagnostics does not give accurate results.

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Color of amniotic fluid when leaking

Color is an important diagnostic sign, by which the doctor determines many things. Normally, amniotic fluid is transparent. Turbidity and other colors indicate various pathologies. If a yellow tint and slight turbidity appear, you can also not worry, since such a picture is considered a normal variant.

If a reddish tint and minor inclusions appear against the background of yellow waters, the process is accompanied by contractions - you can safely say: labor has begun.

Green color of water is a negative sign, the fetus is seriously damaged. It speaks of defecation in the womb, deficiency, the probability of development of intrauterine pneumonia. Hypoxia is possible.

The appearance of a dark brown shade is a catastrophic situation. In 99% of cases, it indicates intrauterine death of the fetus. The issue of urgently saving the mother's life is acute. However, at present, this pathology is quite rare, since women regularly visit a doctor and such pathology can be noticed in a timely manner.

The appearance of a red color indicates the opening of bleeding.

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Smear for leakage of amniotic fluid

To conduct the analysis, you need to take a regular smear from the vaginal environment and apply it to a glass slide. If, when dried, the smear forms a structure resembling a fern leaf or a maple leaf, it is amniotic fluid.

Instrumental diagnostics

It is preferable to rely on the results of tests, since instrumental diagnostics are uninformative.

Ultrasound to detect amniotic fluid leakage

An ultrasound is performed. This examination makes it possible to indirectly confirm the diagnosis. Based on the ultrasound results, a diagnosis is made: oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios, which does not directly indicate leakage.

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnostics are performed, during which amniotic fluid, urine or normal vaginal discharge are differentiated. Laboratory diagnostics prevail over instrumental ones.

The smell of amniotic fluid when leaking

Amniotic fluid has no odor. In late pregnancy, it may have a slight specific odor.

How to distinguish between amniotic fluid leakage and discharge?

These two types of discharge can be distinguished by their appearance. Waters have a transparent shade, slightly cloudy. Vaginal discharge is thicker and mucous, has a different shade, most often white or yellowish.

Leaking amniotic fluid or urinary incontinence

Amniotic fluid leaks constantly and cannot be controlled by muscular effort. Urine has a yellow tint and smells like urine, which cannot be said about amniotic fluid. It usually has neither color nor smell. In case of pathology, amniotic fluid acquires green, brown, red and other shades.

Cervix with leaking amniotic fluid

The cervix opens directly during labor. Leakage does not depend on the state of the cervix, but is determined by the state of the amniotic sac. Most often, leakage is observed when the cervix is closed, but sometimes it is open.

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Treatment amniotic fluid leakage

Treatment for leaking amniotic fluid is not carried out. The doctor determines the likelihood of infection and takes further action accordingly: prolongs pregnancy or stimulates labor. Sometimes antibacterial therapy can be used to prevent infection. Also used are drugs aimed at relaxing muscles, the uterus, general tonics, vitamins.

What to do if amniotic fluid leaks?

If you detect leakage of amniotic fluid, you must immediately call an ambulance or consult a doctor. It is important to remain calm and not to panic. If hospitalization is offered, do not refuse under any circumstances. Only with constant medical supervision and proper treatment can you prevent further development of the pathology.

How to stop amniotic fluid leakage?

It is impossible to stop the leakage of amniotic fluid. You can only consult a doctor in a timely manner and take the necessary measures to prevent infection and maintain pregnancy.

Medicines

Any medications should be taken strictly on the advice of a doctor, preferably during inpatient treatment. The drugs that regulate the tone of the uterus are extremely dangerous and have many side effects. Many of them are taken under strict control of blood pressure, pulse, and electrocardiogram readings.

In order to ensure prolongation of pregnancy, Ginipral is taken, which reduces excessive uterine tone. It contracts less frequently and less intensely. The active substance is hexoprenaline sulfate. The tablets contain 500 mg of the active substance. The tablets are taken first 1 tablet every 3 hours, then every 4-6 hours. The daily dose is 4-8 tablets. Taking the tablets should be accompanied by constant monitoring of the heart function of the mother and fetus. If the heart rate is more than 130 beats per minute, the dosage is reduced. The drug has numerous side effects for both the mother and the baby. Up to cardiac and respiratory failure, hypoxia. Anemia, acidosis, hypoglycemia are possible in newborns.

Salbupart is a drug that significantly reduces the contractile activity of the uterus. The drug is administered intravenously. One ampoule is mixed with 500 ml of saline and infused at a rate of 5 drops per minute.

Brikanil – relieves spasms, hypertonus, provides muscle relaxation. It is used in case of threat of spontaneous miscarriage, cervical insufficiency. The drug is prescribed 2.5 – 5 mg 3 times a day (1-2 tablets).

Partusisten is a drug prescribed to relax smooth muscles. It is administered intravenously. The optimal dosage is individual and varies widely from 0.5 to 3.0 mcg/min. When performing an infusion, 2 ampoules of the drug (10 ml) are added to a physiological solution of 230 ml.

Utrozhestan and leakage of amniotic fluid

The discharge that forms when the suppository melts is often confused with amniotic fluid leakage. To get an accurate answer, it is better to conduct a test for amniotic fluid leakage.

Vitamins

A pregnant woman, both during normal pregnancy and during pathology, needs vitamins. It is recommended to take vitamins in the following daily concentration:

• vitamin H – 150 mcg
• Vitamin C – 1000 mg
• Vitamin D – 45 mg
• Vitamin K – 360 mcg.

Physiotherapy treatment

When carrying out pregnancy prolongation, some physiotherapeutic procedures can be used, for example, ultrasound exposure. Physiotherapy is used to relax smooth muscles (electrical procedures), to eliminate and prevent further spread of the inflammatory and infectious process. Electrophoresis, which ensures deep penetration of drugs into organs, is also used quite often.

Folk remedies

When turning to folk remedies for the treatment of amniotic fluid leakage, it is better to first consult a doctor. Folk remedies are effective and safe when used correctly, as well as in combination therapy.

One of the effective means of facilitating relaxation of the uterine muscles are medicinal baths. Baths are taken at home. The duration of the bath is 15-20 minutes, the frequency of taking is 3-4 times a week. A bath with pine extract has proven itself well. To prepare the bath, make a separate decoction of pine needles, about 2-3 liters. Then fill the bath, make a comfortable temperature and pour in the pine extract. If desired, you can add a few pine branches, cones. After taking a bath, do not dry yourself off immediately, wait 3-5 minutes until the moisture is absorbed by the skin.

Therapeutic rubdowns have a positive effect. For this, a salt concentrate is used. About 1 teaspoon of salt is dissolved in a glass of water. Make the water room temperature, rub the body with the resulting solution. Rubdowns last 5-10 minutes. You cannot rub yourself off immediately, you should wait until all the moisture is absorbed. Salt helps remove toxins and excess fluid. Blood pressure decreases, metabolic processes are normalized.

A long-lasting relaxing effect is provided by oriental incense in combination with relaxing, meditative music. It is recommended to light candles and incense sticks. Place them in a circle around the room. Turn on calm, relaxing music. Lie down in the center of the circle, close your eyes and try to relax as much as possible. You need to feel every cell of your body, feel how they relax, become light and motionless. At the same time, you should let go of all thoughts and worries. Just enjoy the aromas and music, without doing anything and without thinking about anything. It is also not recommended to move. You need to listen to your heartbeat, breathing, try to feel the baby's movements. The duration of such a procedure is at least 30 minutes. It is carried out daily, at least 1 month.

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Herbal treatment

When treating with herbs, it is necessary to carefully study their properties. It is better to consult a doctor in advance, who will help to accurately and correctly select the necessary remedy, dosage and competently include it in the complex therapy.

Blue cornflower herb helps to relax and reduce uterine tone. To prepare a decoction, about 5 grams of the herb are poured with a glass of boiling water and drunk throughout the day.

Chamomile herb has an anti-inflammatory effect. To prepare a decoction, approximately 15-20 grams of the herb are poured with 2-3 glasses of boiling water and drunk throughout the day. You can also include chamomile in tea by simply adding a few spoons of the herb to a teapot with tea.

A decoction of nettle and stevia is useful. The herbs are taken in equal parts and mixed together. To prepare the decoction, take 30-40 grams of the herb and pour 1-2 glasses of boiling water over it. Drink it like tea throughout the day. You can add sugar or honey to taste.

Homeopathy

Homeopathic remedies, contrary to popular belief, are not safe. They can have numerous side effects. Some homeopathic remedies can have an abortive effect. Therefore, it is important to take precautions. First of all, you need to consult a doctor, and only then take any remedies.

• Nutrient mixture

Prepare a mixture of equal amounts of dried apricots, raisins, prunes, and figs. Grind the above substances through a meat grinder, add 25 pieces of finely chopped walnuts. Season the resulting mixture with honey. Infuse for 3-4 days, take 1 tablespoon 1-2 times a day. It has an immunostimulating effect, relieves fatigue and weakness. Increases the body's performance and endurance.

• Rosehip decoction

Rosehip decoction is drunk in its pure form, or added to tea to taste. It helps eliminate swelling, remove excess fluid from the body. Saturates the body with vitamins and nutrients.

• Mixture "Healing"

To prepare the mixture, take about 200 grams of juicy aloe leaves. Add about 250 grams of honey and 400 grams of grape wine. Infuse for 7 days in a dark place. Drink 1 teaspoon 3 times a day. Helps reduce fluid outflow, stabilize the body's condition, and normalize metabolism.

A remedy for increased fatigue and excessive fluid secretion

It is recommended to take powder from dried Schisandra fruits, 0.5 grams per day, pouring honey on top. The course of treatment is 30 days. Increases performance, improves well-being, eliminates swelling and excessive discharge from the female genital tract.

Surgical treatment

If delivery is necessary and it is impossible to deliver the baby through natural means, a cesarean section is performed. If labor has already begun and there is no discharge of water, an amniotomy is performed, in which the fetal bladder is punctured, causing the fluid to flow out.

Prevention

If a woman is exposed to risk factors, she may be placed on bed rest, where careful monitoring and control of the main indicators of the mother and fetus is carried out. If pathology is suspected, preventive measures are taken to prevent further development of the pathology. If a woman has cervical insufficiency, a suture is placed on the cervix and an obstetric pessary is inserted. Special care, adherence to the daily routine, proper nutrition, listening to the doctor's recommendations are the main preventive measures.

Forecast

If the pregnancy is full-term and the baby is ready for independent existence outside the uterus, the prognosis is favorable. Then labor stimulation or a cesarean section is performed. If the fetus's respiratory system is immature and it is not ready for independent existence, the pregnancy is prolonged and expectant therapy is performed. The prognosis can be both positive and negative. Infection and sepsis can develop, which increases the risk of death of both the mother and the fetus.

If amniotic fluid leakage occurs at the very beginning of pregnancy, the prognosis is unfavorable. An abortion is required, it is impossible to save the child, there is a threat to survival. Otherwise, the closer to the birth the leakage begins, the more favorable the prognosis.

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