The spinal column should be viewed from the anatomical (biomechanical) and functional side. Anatomically, the spine consists of 32, sometimes 33 separate vertebrae, interconnected by intervertebral discs (art. Intersomatica), which represent synchondrosis, and joints (art. Intervertebrales).
Bones of the pelvic girdle are joined together in front of the pubic half-joint, and behind them with the sacrum they form the sacroiliac joints.
Clinico-functional examination of patients with diseases of the spine is based on general research principles adopted in medicine: the collection of anamnestic data, examination, palpation, elucidation of the nature and extent of impairment of motor functions.
General examination is carried out according to a certain plan: first assess the general condition of the patient according to the state of his consciousness, the position of the totality of the external features of the constitution, growth and type of constitution, posture and gait. Then, the skin, subcutaneous tissue, lymph nodes, trunk, limbs and muscular system are examined sequentially.
In recent years, the role of X-ray examination in spinal osteochondrosis has increased significantly. It is undertaken primarily to determine the possibilities of the secondary impact of changes in the spinal segment on the spinal cord, roots and vessels, as well as to exclude primary bone changes and lesions of various etiologies (developmental anomalies, tumors, etc.)
Symptoms of the osteochondrosis of the cervical spine - acute painful debut and pain intensification with active neck movements and when the phenomenon of the intervertebral hole is triggered (the phenomenon of Sterling) - the forced passive inclination of the patient's head towards the affected root leads to aggravation of pain. This phenomenon is based on a decrease in the diameter of the intervertebral foramen with additional compression of the rootlet.
Despite the fact that the patient can complain of pain in a certain area of the back, the mobility of the two parts of the spine, thoracic and lumbar, should always be examined, since: specific disorders can be manifested by a decrease in the volume of movements in a certain direction; Symptoms in one department may be a manifestation of a disorder, in another (for example, thoracic kyphosis strengthens lumbar lordosis).
Degenerative dystrophic changes of intervertebral disks in osteochondrosis of the lumbosacral spine, accompanied by one or another neurological symptoms, almost always accompany violations of the normal statics and biomechanics of the spine, which is especially evident in the lumbosacral region.
We are accustomed to change our diet, most often, while dealing with obesity or with diseases of the digestive system. But few know that in the treatment of osteochondrosis also need a diet.
Diseases of the nervous system are inextricably linked with diseases of the blood vessels, because often with neurological pathologies symptoms such as dizziness, headaches, fatigue, sensation of "flies" before the eyes, mental disorders are observed.