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Zitrolide
Last reviewed: 10.08.2022
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Zitrolide is a macrolide antibiotic with antimicrobial properties.
Indications of the zitrolida
The drug is used in the treatment of various infections that have been caused by bacteria that are hypersensitive to azithromycin. Among the diseases:
- lesions of ENT organs, as well as the respiratory system: bronchitis with tonsillitis, otitis media, community-acquired pneumonia, and pharyngitis;
- inflammations on the skin and inside soft tissue: dermatitis having a secondary form of infection, impetigo, the first stage of Lyme-borreliosis and pyoderma of secondary type;
- infections affecting the genitourinary system (uncomplicated type).
Also, the drug can be used as an aid in the destruction of microbes Helicobacter pylori.
Release form
Release in capsules - in the amount of 6 pieces inside the blister cell. The pack contains 1 blister with capsules. Also available in the form of medicine Zitrolide Forte - 3 capsules inside the blister, 1 blister plate inside the pack.
Pharmacodynamics
The main element of the drug is azithromycin - it is azalide, which has powerful antimicrobial properties, creating large concentrations inside the lesions of microbes. The drug effectively acts against strains of pneumococci with golden staphylococcus, and in addition streptococcus agalactia with Streptococcus viridans and pyogenic streptococci, and with it against streptococci from subclasses F and C or G.
Activity of medicines against microbes of gram-negative type is also noted: here are strains of moraxelly catarials, Duchess sticks, hemophilic rods, pneumonophilic legionella, parococcus and pertussis rods, Campylobacter vagina with Helicobacter pylori and gonococci with vaginalis gardnerella. Effects of azithromycin and on anaerobes - peptostreptococci with Bacteroides bivius, as well as clostridium perfringence.
The medication is effective in the elimination of pathologies triggered by Burgdorfer borrelia, Chlamydia trachomatis, and in addition ureaplasmas, mycoplasmas of pneumonia and pale treponema.
There is cross-resistance within the macrolide antibiotic group.
Pharmacokinetics
When a capsule is used, the active substance within the digestive tract rapidly absorbs. Azithromycin is highly resistant in conditions of acidic gastric environment. In the case of drug use with food, the bioavailability index decreases slightly (as a result of taking the medication on an empty stomach it is equal to 37%). The drug reaches the maximum within the plasma after 2.5-3 hours.
The medicine passes into many liquids and tissues, forming high concentrations of the active component in the areas of inflammation (this is facilitated by the fact that azithromycin can be synthesized with phagocytes transporting it in the area where infectious foci are located). Although inside the phagocytes there are high azithromycin values, the drug has little effect on their functional activity. Drug values of the drug continue to persist in the body in the period of 5-7 days after the use of the last portion of drugs.
The drug is subject to hepatic metabolism - by means of demilitarization processes. The decay products of the active substance of drugs have no drug activity.
Excretion of the drug is carried out in 2 stages: on the 1st half-life is in the interval of 8-24 hours, and on the second - in the interval of 24-72 hours.
Dosing and administration
Capsules are applied orally - they are swallowed without chewing. Reception takes place 60 minutes before meals or after 120 minutes after. It is recommended to drink medicine with water. A daily dose of the drug usually needs to be consumed in 1 dose, and it should be done, observing equal intervals between receptions. Dose sizes and duration of the course are prescribed by the doctor.
For therapy with infections within the respiratory system (upper or lower divisions), it is necessary to take (mostly) 0.5 g of the drug per day. This treatment lasts 3 days, and the total dosage for the entire course is 1.5 g.
During the treatment of skin lesions with soft tissues, and at the same time the initial stage of Lyme borreliosis, 1 g of medication is usually taken on the first day of the course, and then 0.5 g per day is drunk. This course lasts 5 days, and the total dosage for this period is 3 g.
In the process of eliminating pathologies in the area of the urogenital system (uncomplicated type), it is usually required to take a single dose of drugs in the amount of 1 g.
With the development of peptic ulcers inside the stomach or 12-intestine (Helicobacter pylori provoked) it is recommended to take 1 g of Zitrolide together with other medicines (complex treatment). Azithromycin in this case is used within 3 days.
Children, whose weight exceeds 45 kg, usually prescribe medication in dosages appropriate to adults.
If the dose is missed for some reason, it is necessary to use the capsule as quickly as possible, and the next one should occur 24 hours after the previous dose.
Use of the zitrolida during pregnancy
Prescribing Zitrolide to pregnant women is allowed only in situations where the likely benefits for a pregnant woman exceed the risk of negative effects in the fetus.
During the lactation period, it is required to stop breastfeeding for the period of taking the medication. To resume breastfeeding is allowed at least 1 week after the use of the last dosage of drugs.
Contraindications
The main contraindications:
- It is forbidden to use in the presence of hypersensitivity to the azithromycin component, as well as other macrolide antimicrobial drugs;
- Do not take with liver or kidney problems;
- Children under the age of 12 are not allowed to take capsules of the medicine.
Caution in the use of Zitrolide should be observed if the patient has heart rhythm disturbances or when using a means of prolonging the QT values at the same time.
For the duration of the course of treatment, it is necessary to exclude any activity requiring high speed of psychomotor action and increased concentration.
Side effects of the zitrolida
Taking capsules can lead to some side reactions:
- disorders in the hepatobiliary system, as well as the gastrointestinal tract: the emergence of vomiting, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, diarrhea, melena, and also bloating. There may be a violation of taste buds, cholestasis or jaundice may develop, and the activity of liver enzymes may increase. Children may experience constipation, gastritis, and appetite;
- manifestations in the CCC area: increased heart rate, pain inside the sternum, heart rhythm disorders;
- lesions affecting NA: the appearance of hyperkinesia, neurosis, severe fatigue, sleep disorders and dizziness. There may be a feeling of great anxiety, but also drowsiness;
- reactions of the hematopoietic system: the development of eosinophilia or neutropenia (similar reactions often pass independently - approximately 2-3 weeks after the completion of the course of treatment);
- disorders of the urogenital system: the development of jade or thrush;
- signs of allergy: itching, polyiform erythema, photophobia and urticaria. In addition, angioedema, anaphylaxis and conjunctivitis of the allergic type.
The use of sitrolide may lead to the onset of hyperglycemia.
Overdose
As a result of drug poisoning, vomiting, headache, dyspepsia or nausea may occur, as well as a transient weakening of hearing (it can reach complete deafness).
The drug has no antidote. In case of an overdose, gastric lavage is required, and with it, the use of enterosorbents. Also, Zyterlid should be discontinued and symptomatic treatment should be performed (if necessary).
Interactions with other drugs
As a result of combining the drug with antacids (aluminum or magnesium-containing), food and ethanol, a decrease in the rate of absorption, as well as the bioavailability of Zitrolide, is detected.
The combination of drugs and warfarin can potentiate an anticoagulant effect, so in the case of a combination of these drugs, it is required to constantly monitor the rates of blood loss.
Zitrolide in combination with digoxin increases the level of the latter inside the plasma.
Combination of the drug with ergotamine, as well as dihydroergotamine can enhance their toxic properties.
The drug can reduce the clearance of triazolam, as well as potentiate its pharmacological properties.
Azithromycin is able to increase the values inside the plasma of unchanged carbamazepine, and in addition to cyclosporine and terfenadine with bromocriptine, as well as hexobarbital and valproate with phenytoin, oral antidiabetics, xanthine derivatives and ergot alkaloids with disopyramide. This is due to the fact that azithromycin can slow down the process of oxidation of microsomes inside the hepatocytes and inhibit the metabolism of the above drugs.
Along with this, one can expect an increase in the toxic properties and the level within the plasma of agents such as cycloserine, methylprednisolone and felodipine with indirect anticoagulants in combination with Zitrolide.
Simultaneous use with lincosamines lowers the effect of the drug.
Chloramphenicol with tetracyclines increase the effect of the drug in case of combined use.
Special instructions
Reviews
Zitrolide is popular among patients - it is used to eliminate a wide variety of infections and diseases caused by them.
Based on the feedback, the drug usually gives the desired result, although doctors warn that it must be taken, strictly following the scheme of application, because otherwise the risk of developing negative reactions increases. The doctor's special emphasis is on taking capsules at least with a 2-hour interval with eating or some other drugs.
With regard to side effects, patients often complained of developing (in children) candidiasis in the mouth, a decrease in appetite, constipation, gastritis, a change in taste perception, and conjunctivitis.
If we talk about the drug Zitrolide Forte, it is also often called quite effective. One of the advantages is defined by a convenient mode of application. The disadvantage of this drug is also an increased risk of side effects. In addition, many patients are not satisfied with the cost of the drug, because there are quite effective analogues, which are much cheaper.
Shelf life
Zitrolide is allowed to be used in the period of 3 years from the date of release of the drug.
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Attention!
To simplify the perception of information, this instruction for use of the drug "Zitrolide" translated and presented in a special form on the basis of the official instructions for medical use of the drug. Before use read the annotation that came directly to medicines.
Description provided for informational purposes and is not a guide to self-healing. The need for this drug, the purpose of the treatment regimen, methods and dose of the drug is determined solely by the attending physician. Self-medication is dangerous for your health.