Treatment of intestinal infection

At the heart of the treatment of intestinal infections is a complex approach, in addition to the destruction of the pathogenic flora, it is important to restore the water-electrolyte balance and neutralize toxins (harmful to the body of the products of vital activity of the pathogenic microflora). First aid to the patient consists in carrying out enemotherapy and sorbents.

Treatment will be more effective if you know exactly the type of infection (determined by analysis).

Depending on the causative agent of infection and concomitant diseases, the specialist determines the treatment, in case of a viral intestinal infection, antiviral, restorative drugs are prescribed, in case of bacterial infection antibiotics must be included.

For some types of infection, which are accompanied by prolonged intoxication of the body, temperature, weakness, (for example, with adenovirus infection), drugs are prescribed to restore the electrolyte balance and temporary starvation, as eating can provoke further growth of the pathogenic flora.

Remedies for intestinal infection

To treat intestinal infections, antibiotics of the group of cephalosporins-aminoglycosides, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, amphenicols (chloramphenicol) are used.

The choice of the drug is based on laboratory studies that determine the sensitivity of the pathogenic odds to a particular group of antibiotics.

At intestinal infections there are following preparations:

• Capekt, Kaopectat, Neointestopan, Attapulgite, - sorbents, absorbing toxins in the intestine, normalize the composition of beneficial bacteria in the intestine. The substances included in the preparations help to reduce the inflammatory processes on the mucosa, remove spasms, reduce the amount of feces, in addition, the drug thickens the stool masses.

It is usually prescribed for 150 mg after each bowel movement (no more than 12 tablets per day).

• Bactisuptil - improves the composition of intestinal bacteria. The preparation contains bacterial spores that are resistant to the acidic environment of the stomach, when bacteria enter the intestine begin to germinate.

Bacteria produce proteins that promote the acceleration of the chemical reaction in the body, the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, proteins. Bactisuptil forms an acidic medium, which prevents putrefactive processes in the intestine.

It is prescribed for 1 capsule 3 to 6 times a day, in severe cases, a specialist can prescribe up to 10 capsules a day

• Bifidumbacterium (powder) - represents dried bifidobacteria, which belong to the normal intestinal microflora.

The drug has antibacterial effect, promotes the recovery of beneficial microorganisms in the intestine, normalizes the digestive system, increases immunity.

It is prescribed for 5 doses three times a day, the course of treatment is determined by the doctor taking into account the severity of the condition (usually from 2 to 4 weeks, in rare cases - up to 3 months).

• Bifikol (dry) - dried bifidobacteria and bacteria of Escherichia coli strain M, which when administered has an antimicrobial effect and normalizes the composition of bacteria in the intestine.

It is prescribed before meals, depending on the age (from 1 to 5 doses per day). The course of treatment depends on the severity of the disease - from 2 weeks to 1 year.

• Bifiform - normalizes the composition of the intestinal microflora, it is taken from 2 to 4 capsules per day.
• Toast - stops diarrhea, has an astringent effect, restores electrolyte balance.

Before taking 2 tablets you must dissolve in boiling water (100ml), cool.

Depending on the age, it is prescribed from 74 ml to 200 ml for 1 kg of weight. Adults are prescribed from 1l or more, depending on the severity of the disease.

• Diosmectite, Smecta - preparations of natural origin, which protect the mucosa and actively absorb toxins. It is prescribed from 1 to 3 sachets a day, taking into account the age (before use, dissolve well in 50 ml of water or mix with tea, compote, porridge, etc.).
• Intetriks is an antibacterial, antifungal drug. Used to treat intestinal infections caused by protozoan microorganisms (amoebiasis, dysentery). It is prescribed from 4 to 6 capsules per day. The course of treatment is 3-5 days.
• Lactobacterin (powder) - dried bacteria with the addition of bacterial growth enhancing factor lactose. The drug has antibacterial effect, promotes the normalization of microflora, the work of the digestive system, stimulates the body's defenses.

It is prescribed from 1 to 10 doses per day (1 dose of 1 tsp is needed to dissolve the powder in warm water).

It is taken before meals (for 30-40 minutes), the course of treatment is from 2 weeks to several months.

• Linex - antidiarrheal drug, normalizes the bacterial composition of the intestine.

It is prescribed for 1-2 capsules 3 times a day.

• Lediumum, Suprilol, Loperamid, Imodium, Enterobiene - antidiarrheal preparations.

After intake, the tone and motor activity of the intestines decrease, it is prescribed from 2 to 4 mg after each bowel movement (not more than 16 mg per day).

In drops - 30 drops after each bowel movement.

Loperamide should not be taken more than two days.

• Tannakomp - a combined agent that has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and astringent effect. It is prescribed for 0.5 - 1 tablet 2-3 times a day, the drug is taken until the liquid stool stops.
• Activated carbon has high absorbing properties. It is prescribed on 20-30g several times a day.
• Carbactin (crushed activated carbon). It is taken before meals and other medications (for 1 - 2 hours). The powder is prescribed for 0.1-0.2 g per kilogram of body weight, the course of treatment from 5 days to 2 weeks.
• Enterol is an antidiarrheal drug. It is taken after eating 1-2 capsules (sachets) in the morning and in the evening.
• Nifuroxazide, Ercefuril, Ersefuril, Antinal - antidiarrheal drugs. I take 1 capsule 4 times a day.
• rhizomes of the bug - have astringent effect.

From the dried roots of the medicinal plant, decoctions and alcohol extracts are prepared.

To prepare a decoction of 1 tbsp. Roots are poured with boiling water (250ml), simmered over a slow fire for 25-30 minutes. The resulting broth is cooled at room temperature, then filtered.

Take 1 tbsp. Several times a day (up to 6 times).

An alcohol extract of a blood-groove is prescribed from 30 to 50 drops 3-4 times a day.

• Fruit cherry - have astringent effect, is taken in the form of infusion or broth (15 g of fruit per 250 ml of water) 1/4 cup 2-3 times a day.
• Bilberry fruits - has astringent effect, take in the form of infusion or broth 2-3 times a day (half the glass).

Fluoroquinolones (Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin) are commonly used, which have a wide spectrum of action, so this group of antibiotics shows high efficiency in the treatment of infectious diseases.

Usually it is prescribed from 200 to 500 mg once or twice a day, the course of treatment is 4-5 days.

Enterol is used for diarrhea, the effect of the drug is due to activity against opportunistic and pathogenic flora (Clostridia, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Yersiniosis, Dysenteric Amoeba).

The drug has an antitoxic effect, especially to cyto- and enterotoxins, and also improves digestion of food in the intestine.

Viferon destroys viruses, prevents the growth of various cells, regulates the work of the immune system. It includes human recombinant interferon, ascorbic acid, tocopherol acetate. A distinctive feature of the drug is that even with prolonged use, the bacteria do not develop drug resistance.

The drug is used to treat many infectious diseases of the respiratory system, urinary system, intestines.

Viferon normalizes the composition of the intestinal microflora, destroys fungi, bacteria (Candida, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli)

Preparations in the form of candles are most often prescribed to young children, who are hard pressed to drink a pill or syrup. Suppositories act locally, usually such drugs are more effective, since they are not exposed to the corrosive acidic environment in the stomach.

At intestinal infections the doctor can appoint a suppository from temperature, immunomodulators, antimicrobial preparations (kipferon, viferon, lactonorm, cefecon, etc.).

Suppositories are introduced after defecation, cleansing enema (before the introduction it is recommended to wash) deep into the large intestine. To properly insert the suppository should control the introduction of the finger (push until the finger does not fail, which means that the finger penetrated the sphincter and the suppository is in the gut).

After the introduction, you should wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water.

Activated charcoal is a simple and affordable way to help with poisoning or intestinal infections, it is the best known of enterosorbents

In the acute period of the disease, complex treatment is recommended, in the composition of which the adsorptive preparations must necessarily be.

Now there are many enterosorbents that differ in cost, but the mechanism of action for all is roughly the same - the absorption of substances and gases by the surface layer.

Take coal for 4-8 tablets (1 tablet per 10kg of weight) every 1.5 - 2 hours for several days (a course of not less than 7 days is recommended).

Activated carbon, thanks to its porous structure, absorbs toxins in the gastrointestinal tract well, binds pathogenic bacteria and promotes their excretion from the body, large doses of the drug are well tolerated by patients, with prolonged intake (more than a month) can cause constipation and impaired absorption of nutrients in the intestine.

Enterol is used as an antidote, which helps to normalize the composition of the intestinal microflora.

A distinctive feature of the drug is that it is simultaneously attributed to several pharmacological groups - antibacterial, anthelmintic, antiparasitic drugs, means for restoring the balance of bacteria in the intestine. In addition, Enterol stimulates the immune system through its microorganisms, which destroy pathogenic bacteria in the intestines, and helps to neutralize intestinal and cellular toxins that often cause diarrhea.

Enterol suppresses the growth of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic bacteria in the body, including Klebsiella, Clostridia, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Dysenteric Amoeba, and others.  

The drug is available in three forms: capsules and powders for the preparation of suspension and solution.

Enema with intestinal infection

In the first few hours of the disease, when the main symptoms (vomiting, diarrhea) appeared, the body needs to help get rid of bacteria and toxins. The organism tries to get rid of the pathogenic flora and products of their vital activity in an acute period of zabolony. The enema in this case will help to clean the large intestine and wash most of the pathogens, alleviate the condition of the patient and speed up the healing process.

Enema can be made from ordinary boiled water (about 200C) or from the herbal medicinal herbs (chamomile, sage, calendula).

When carrying out a cleansing enema, it is important to keep all water from the intestine.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]

Linex with intestinal infection

In Linex contains several types of lactic acid bacteria, which are part of normal intestinal microflora. Lactic acid bacteria make the intestinal environment acidic, which helps to inhibit the growth of pathogenic and opportunistic flora and improves digestive function.

In addition, Linex prevents the attachment of pathogens to the walls of the intestine and is involved in the production of substances that have antibacterial action.

The principle of the Linex is based on maintaining normal intestinal microflora and restoring the disturbed balance due to taking antibiotics, intestinal infection and other conditions that disrupt the intestinal microflora.

Homeopathy with intestinal infection

Homeopathic preparations for the treatment of intestinal infections are selected by a homoeopathic physician individually for each patient. Homeopathy can be used as an independent treatment, and as an auxiliary therapy. Depending on the symptoms, type of infection, the condition of the patient, experts select drugs for the treatment of infection. Usually in such cases, use arsenicum, alcohol solution camphor, colchicum, sulfuricum, etc.

Antibiotics for intestinal infections

When intestinal infections of a bacterial nature, antibiotics are mandatory.

The most common drug is Levomycytin, which has a wide range of effects. The main drawback of the drug is a large number of side effects.

In second place is erysefuril, which is active against a large number of bacteria. The active substance is practically not absorbed into the blood, it acts only in the intestine. The drug has low toxicity, patients in most cases, it is well tolerated, in addition, it can be used to treat infants.

In pregnancy, Ftalazol is prescribed with a broad spectrum of action and low toxicity. The peculiarity of this drug is that it is slightly absorbed into the blood and acts locally (in the intestine). Phthalazole is well tolerated, in rare cases, after taking the drug, allergic reactions occurred.

Children are assigned Cefix, which prevents reproduction of the main pathogenic bacteria. The drug belongs to a new generation of antibiotics, has the maximum safety, which is extremely important in childhood. In addition, the active substance of Cefix prevents the penetration of infection into the blood or other internal organs, and also prevents the functional changes in the intestines that arise due to the vital activity of pathogenic microorganisms.

Antibiotics suppress the reproduction of pathogenic flora in the intestines, which improves the patient's condition and helps to reduce the main symptoms of the disease (vomiting, diarrhea, fever).

Enterofuril (nifuroxazide) acts only in the intestine and is not absorbed from the digestive tract.

The antibiotic effectively inhibits the growth of a large number of pathogens and practically does not cause side reactions.

After intake in the intestine, an active substance is accumulated in a high concentration, which leads to an effective suppression of the vital activity of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (streptococci, staphylococcus, salmonella, shigella, etc.), and the drug in combination with metronidazole acts against certain types of parasitic protozoa (amoebiasis) .

Suprax refers to the third generation of cephalosporin group antibiotics. The drug destroys the pathogenic flora and promotes its excretion from the body.

Supraks acts against aerobic and anaerobic, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (streptococci, Klebsiella, Shigella, Salmonella, Clostridium, etc.).

Gentamicin is an antibiotic of the aminoglycoside group. The drug is quite old, but despite this, it continues to be widely used in the treatment of a variety of bacterial infections.

Gentamicin is available in the form of injections, ointments for external use and ophthalmic preparations.

The action of the antibiotic is based on a change in the genetic information of pathogens, as a result of which they lose their ability to reproduce normally. In high doses, the drug has a harmful effect on microbes.

Gentamicin is active against klebsiella, salmonella, shigella, staphylococcus.

Resistance to the drug in pathogenic microorganisms is produced quite a long time.

The dosage of the drug is selected individually, taking into account the age and condition of the patient.

Sumamed is an activiotic of the macrolide group, active against a large number of pathogenic microorganisms (intracellular, gram-negative, gram-positive, anaerobic). The principle of action is based on the destruction of the membrane and the membrane of pathogens, which leads to a decrease in intoxication and improvement of the general condition.

A distinctive feature of this antibiotic is that it activates the work of immunity.

It is prescribed for streptococcal infection, clostridia and other diarrheal diseases, usually 100-150 mg 4 times a day, treatment course from 5 to 10 days.

The drug is used only for intravenous infusion (drip).

Furazolidone is an antibiotic of the group of nitrofurans, is active against a large number of pathogenic bacteria and parasitic protozoa. It is prescribed for salmonellosis, shigellosis.

The drug is given a course of 2-3 tablets 4 times a day.

Amoxiclav is an antibiotic of the penicillin group with the addition of clavulanic acid, which blocks the ability of microbes to develop resistance to drugs.

The drug is active against a large number of bacteria, including clostridia, klebsiella, staphylococcus, streptococcus, listeria, shigella, cholera, etc.

Biseptol is an antibacterial preparation of combined action, active against most pathogenic microorganisms (salmonella, cholera, shigella, staphylococcus, Yersinia, etc.).

Flemoxin is a semisynthetic antibiotic from the penicillin group. There is activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (streptococci, Staphylococcus clostridia, Listeria, Helicobacter pylori).

Less activity manifests itself to salmonella, shigella, cholera, E. Coli,

[6], [7], [8], [9]

Care for intestinal infections

When intestinal infections for patients require special care. Important importance, after the appointment of a specialist, have sanitary and hygienic issues.

At home, especially when caring for young children, it is necessary to monitor changes in stool and general condition.

Also, you should monitor the cleanliness of underwear, change it daily (soiled linen needs to be changed at once), keep clean in intimate places (after each defecation you need to wash yourself with soap, preferably with household soap).

The caregiver is recommended to wash his hands with soap every time after contact with the patient.

[10], [11], [12], [13]

Recovery after intestinal infection

After intestinal infection, the walls of the stomach and intestines remain inflamed for a while, besides this, the normal microflora is disturbed. After the illness should follow a diet that will reduce the burden on the digestive system will not further irritate the mucosa.

It is necessary to exclude fatty, sharp, fried dishes from the diet, light foods are recommended that do not overload the stomach - baked, boiled vegetables, rice cereals (or dishes based on it), breadcrumbs or dried bread. To eat it is necessary in small portions, in process of restoration of microflora and mucous membranes in a diet other products are entered.

To restore the microflora will help lactic ferments with live bacteria.

To prepare a natural starter, you will need boiled milk and a few slices of black bread. Leaven put in a warm place for 2-3 days. You can add fruit, berries or sugar to the ferment you have obtained.

After the illness, the doctor can prescribe enzyme preparations to improve digestion.

Against the background of antibacterial therapy, immunity is weakened, so it is not recommended to be overcooled, nervous, not to be in places of large concentrations of people.

Diet with intestinal infection

After stifling the main symptoms of the disease, it is important to follow a diet and exclude foods that can irritate the inflamed mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as hot or cold dishes (food should be warm). Also an important condition for a restorative diet is the use of small portions of food, so as not to overload the gastrointestinal tract.

First of all, you need to refuse dishes with a lot of spices, vegetables and fruits with coarse fiber (cucumbers, green peas, eggplants, radish, beets, peppers, carrots), meat, fish broths,

After the infection, soups are recommended on vegetable broth, from mucous groats (rice, wheat), porridges (rice, buckwheat), kefir, cottage cheese, fermented baked milk, lean fish, meat, steam omelet, jelly, baked apples, pears, breadcrumbs or dried bread (best of all with rice decoction).

After the chair is fully normalized, it is recommended not to consume milk and sweets for several days, it is better to completely abandon it until complete correction from cereal from millet, cabbage, radish, beet, garlic, onion, mushrooms, sorrel, apricots, melon, plums, puffs and buns, rye bread.

[14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]

Diet recipes

Rice soup:

• 450ml of water, 40g of rice cereal, salt to taste
• Well-washed rice put in boiling water, cook until cooked, then rub through a sieve (water does not drain). Add salt to a fire and bring to a boil.

Mucous soup of oatmeal:

• 40g of oatmeal, 200 ml of water, salt, sugar
• In boiling water put oatmeal, cook on low heat for about an hour. The resulting soup strain through a fine sieve or gauze (do not wipe), put on a fire and bring to a boil, add salt, sugar to taste.

Fish baked in the oven:

• Fish of low-fat varieties (hake, pollock, blue whiting, bream, pike), salt to taste.
• Rinse the fish well, sprinkle a little, wrap in foil for baking and put in the oven for 40-60 minutes.

[20], [21]

Products with intestinal infection

At the beginning of the development of intestinal infection of mild and moderate severity, it is recommended to drink only black sweet tea (with sugar or syrup) during the day.

You can also drink broths of berries (bilberries, bird cherry, dog rose, black currant).

A number of experts recommend apple puree, as it contains a large amount of pectin.

During the disease, the products should be boiled or steamed, it is recommended to eat crushed food to facilitate digestion.

From meat it is better to choose lean varieties - veal, poultry, during the preparation of which you need to completely remove fat, tendons, skin and do not use fats and spices.

During the illness, you can cook steamed burgers, croissants, meatballs.

Also in the diet can be low-fat fish and sour-milk products (kefir, low-fat cottage cheese).

When intestinal infections are allowed to eat eggs (soft-boiled, protein steam omelettes), vegetable broths, potatoes, apples (preferably in baked form), buckwheat, rice, oatmeal, semolina.

Honey

Natural honey has high antibiotic properties. Unlike synthetic drugs, honey does not cause adverse reactions (an allergic reaction is possible). In addition, delicious treat creates in the intestine an environment favorable for reproduction of beneficial bacteria, while pathogenic microorganisms are not able to survive in such conditions.

Honey helps to destroy the pathogenic microflora and strengthen the body's defenses, but with intestinal infections it is not recommended to abuse this product, in the day enough to eat only 2-3 spoonfuls to achieve therapeutic effect.

Milk

During the disease, whole milk should be completely excluded from the diet, as it can provoke an exacerbation and worsen the condition.

Kefir

Among all sour-milk products, yogurt occupies a special place. Specialists say that the unique benefit of this product lies in the special bacteria that are used when fermenting milk.

Kefir has a number of beneficial properties for the body, in particular, improves overall health, normalizes the nervous system, is a source of calcium (in kefir contains several times more calcium than in milk).

In addition, it improves the digestive process, motor and secretory functions. Thanks to lactic acid and lactobacilli, which form part of kefir, antitoxic and bactericidal effect occurs.

To drink kefir is recommended in small doses after the reduction of acute symptoms of the disease (severe vomiting, diarrhea), gradually increasing the amount of servings.

Herbs for intestinal infections

With intestinal infections, the basic treatment can be supplemented with decoctions of herbs, but it should be remembered that you can not use herbs that have an astringent or enveloping effect, since in this case the process of releasing the intestines from pathogenic bacteria and their life products will be difficult and the process of recovery will be prolonged.

There are herbs that help to destroy pathogenic microorganisms, for example, the root of the blood-groove, the leaves of the badan, the St. John's wort.

Also, green tea (strong) has a good antimicrobial effect, which can be drunk during infection, both to children and adults.

Decoction of broth : 1 tbsp. Crushed roots pour a glass of boiling water, simmer for 15-20 minutes, drain. Drink a decoction of 1 tbsp. Several times a day (up to 6 tablespoons).

Broth St. John's wort: 2 tbsp. Herbs pour 2 glasses of water and simmer for 10 minutes, then insist one hour and strain. Drink several times a day for 1 tbsp.

In the acute period of the disease, cleansing enemas can be administered with a decoction of chamomile, which has an anti-inflammatory effect and cleanses the intestines from accumulated bacteria and toxins.

For broth take 1 tablespoon. Chamomile flowers, pour 200ml of water, boil for 10 minutes in a water bath. After the broth strain, cool to a temperature of 15-18 ⁰ C and make an enema.

In addition to the enema from the flowers of chamomile tea is prepared, which helps the gastrointestinal tract to overcome the infection, promotes the elimination of toxins, has a slight analgesic effect.

For making tea 1 tsp. Flowers pour boiling water (250ml) and insist 10-15 minutes, you can add sugar or honey to taste, drink warm several times a day.

In addition, the infusion of chamomile is used for the cleansing enema, in this case the intestine not only cleanses itself of toxins and pathogenic microorganisms, but also the irritated mucosa softens slightly.

Vaccination against intestinal infections

The most important preventive against intestinal infections are sanitary-epidemiological measures. But there are cases when the risk of an outbreak increases, in this case, experts recommend conducting preventive vaccination (if there is a vaccine against a particular pathogen) to prevent the spread of the disease.

Anti-epidemic measures for intestinal infections

Carry out antiepidemic measures immediately after identifying the patient or carrier of a dangerous infection. First of all, the bacterial carrier is isolated from the collective and the quarantine (for a period of 7 days or more) is applied to the site in which the infection is identified (group, class, office).

After isolation, complete cleaning is carried out by special means and disinfection of all items.