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Temporal portion of brain
Last reviewed: 19.11.2021
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The temporal lobe (lobus temporalis) occupies the lower lobe segments of the hemisphere and is separated from the frontal and parietal lobes by a deep lateral groove. The margin of the temporal lobe, covering the islet portion, was called the temporal cover (operculum temporale). The anterior part of the temporal lobe forms the temporal pole (polus temporalis). On the lateral surface of the temporal lobe, two furrows are seen - the upper and lower temporal (sulci temporales superior and inferior), almost parallel to the lateral sulcus. The convolutions of the temporal lobe are oriented along the furrows. The upper temporal gyrus (gyrus temporalis superior) is located between the lateral groove at the top and the upper temporal lower. Two or three short transverse temporal gyruses (gyri temporales transversi, Gehsl's convolutions), separated by transverse temporal furrows (sulci temporales transversi) , are located on the upper surface of this meander, hidden in the depth of the lateral furrow . Between the upper and lower temporal grooves is the middle temporal gyrus (gyrus temporalis medius). The lower temporal margin of the temporal lobe occupies the lower temporal gyrus (gyrus temporalis inferior), bounded from above by the eponymous furrow. The posterior end of this gyrus extends into the occipital lobe.
The temporal lobe is separated from the frontal and parietal lobes by the lateral groove. On the outer surface of this lobe, the upper, middle and lower temporal gyrus are distinguished, separated from each other by corresponding furrows. On the lower basal surface of the temporal lobe is the lateral occipital-temporal gyrus bordering the lower temporal gyrus, and more medially the gyrus of the hippocampus.
In the depth of the lateral furrow is the islet part (Reil islet). It is covered with sections of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes, which form the cover (operculum frontale). The central furrow of the island divides it into two parts - the front and back.
In the temporal lobes there are cortical areas (projection zones) of the auditory (upper temporal gyrus and transverse temporal gyruses) that are under the lateral groove in the depth of the temporal lobe, statokineesthetic (on the border of the temporal, occipital and parietal lobes), taste (cortex around the islet lobe) , olfactory (parahypocampal gyrus) analyzers. In the depth of the temporal lobe there is a part of the conductors of the optic pathway. Efferent ways from the temporal lobes go to the sub-urban area, and also to the bridge of the brain - the temporomandibular-cerebellar path.