Surgery for phimosis in children and adults

Phimosis surgery is performed quite often and is not classified as a complex surgery. Let's consider the specifics of this surgery.

Should I have surgery for phimosis?

Patients often ask whether to perform surgery for phimosis. Thus, it is indicated if a boy or a man has a narrowing of the foreskin, which is of a pronounced pathological nature. In this case, exposure of the head of the penis is impossible. Exposure of the penis can be painful. This condition leads to disruption of sexual life, negatively affects the processes of urination. Inflammatory and infectious processes often occur in this condition. [ 1 ]

Phimosis is a pathology that requires surgical treatment. Phimosis as a natural physiological condition is possible if the child is a newborn or is at an early age. After the child has reached puberty, this phenomenon becomes a pathology. It is also worth noting that phimosis is a pathological phenomenon against the background of cicatricial and inflammatory processes.

Indications for the procedure

The operation must be performed if there are indications for it. The main indication is the development of phimosis in adult men and sexually mature boys. In this case, pathological immobility of the foreskin is characteristic, in which opening the penis and releasing its head is impossible. If there is pain, swelling, redness, inflammation, discomfort, the operation is also performed. In the presence of any complications of the disease, pathology, the operation is performed at any age. In case of relapses of inflammatory processes, complications, with inflammatory lesions of the prepuce and head of the penis, the operation may be indicated on an emergency basis. The following diseases are also noted as indications: balanitis, alanoposthitis, condylomatosis, the presence of any neoplasms, foreign bodies, infections under the foreskin.

Surgery for cicatricial phimosis

In case of cicatricial phimosis, surgery is indicated. Its duration is approximately 30-40 minutes. Full recovery of the body requires approximately 14 days. The advantages are that the rehabilitation period is short, after 2 weeks patients can return to their usual way of life (any hygienic manipulations can be performed, return to intimate life, urination is restored without pain). As a rule, patients claim that after surgery, discomfort is expressed to a much lesser extent than the daily difficulties associated with phimosis.

Cicatricial phimosis is one of the forms of pathological narrowing of the foreskin, in which a scar is formed. Cicatricial phimosis is considered an acquired, irreversible condition resulting from trauma or mechanical damage to the foreskin. As a result of damage, a scar is formed, which is, in essence, a scar that appears at the site of skin damage. With this form of phimosis, surgery is the only possible treatment. Circumcision of the foreskin is performed. This is due to the fact that phimosis cannot disappear on its own, it is constantly progressing. Further narrowing of the skin occurs, due to which new incisions, cracks, and tears appear. Accordingly, new scars are formed. The faster the operation is performed, the more effective it will be, the sooner further recovery will occur. [ 2 ]

Circumcision is a planned outpatient surgical intervention. A convenient time is chosen, the time of the operation is set, then it is necessary to pass preparatory measures, in particular, tests for infections. Standard tests are also passed, such as a blood test, urine test. The operation is carried out mainly in the morning, always on an empty stomach. You cannot eat for 4-5 hours before the procedure. Local anesthesia is used. In this case, sensitivity disappears, it returns 2-3 hours after the operation. The recovery period does not exceed 14 days.

Preparation

Preparation for the operation is standard. It includes a set of necessary examinations, including blood and urine tests, ECG, fluorography, bacteriological studies, and tests for infections. The specifics of preparation are determined by the patient's age and other characteristics, individual physiological indicators of the patient. Consultations with specialists are required, and you also need to get a pediatrician's or therapist's opinion, which will indicate whether the patient can undergo surgery. When planning general anesthesia, you must consult with an anesthesiologist and choose the best method of anesthesia. As a rule, an allergist finds out the allergy history and draws conclusions about which type of anesthesia is required for the patient. The anesthesiologist definitely needs a full anamnesis. It is necessary to mention the presence of concomitant diseases, the presence of genetic or congenital anomalies, as well as the medications taken.

If the operation is allowed, you need to switch to a balanced diet about 2-3 weeks before. At the same time, you need to exclude all fatty, fried, smoked foods from the diet. You also cannot eat marinades, spices, and seasonings. Confectionery products should also be excluded. Alcohol should also be completely excluded for 14 days, and anticoagulants and other medications should be discontinued. A light diet is required a few days before the operation. Also, on the day of the operation, you cannot eat or drink anything. On the day of the operation, you must thoroughly wash the genitals with water and soft soapy foam. It is necessary to remove hair from the pubic and groin areas. In this case, you need to shave extremely carefully so that there are no cuts. If the operation is performed on an adult, he or she does it at home on their own. If the procedure is performed on a child, all the necessary preparatory measures are performed by medical personnel. If the operation is performed on a newborn or a young child, you must not forget to take with you all the necessary hygiene products, diapers, and wipes.

Before admission to the hospital, all necessary documents are completed, and a written consent for the procedure is signed. Then a preoperative consultation with an anesthesiologist is held, after which consent for the selected type of anesthesia is signed. As a rule, consultations with doctors, solving organizational and documentary issues, take about 2-3 hours. Therefore, you need to arrive at the department a few hours before the scheduled time of the operation. It should also be taken into account that on the day of the operation, the patient will most likely not be discharged home, although there are such cases. As a rule, the patient is under observation for about a day. It should also be taken into account that for several days the patient will not be able to drive a car, not so much because of the surgical injury, but because of the administered anesthesia and sedatives.

Anesthesia

Anesthesia is required during the operation. Thus, anesthesia is mandatory, but the method of its implementation is determined by the doctor. Local or general anesthesia can be administered. The choice of method depends on the patient's age, condition, severity, volume and duration of the surgical intervention. Everything also depends on the characteristics of the patient's psychoemotional state. When performing the circumcision procedure on newborn boys, local anesthesia is indicated. However, the patient must be securely and firmly fixed, motionless. However, due to the high activity and mobility of children at this age, this method is unsafe, so most surgeons still use mask anesthesia. In this case, the child lies quietly, and the surgeon carefully and slowly performs all the necessary manipulations.

General anesthesia is always used for older children. This avoids injury to surrounding tissues and also prevents the risk of psychological trauma in the child. As a rule, surgery with local anesthesia is painless. However, if the surgery is performed without anesthesia, the child observes everything that is happening, which results in psychological trauma. Anesthesia helps to avoid severe stress in the child.

Older patients have every right to choose the form of the operation. For adult men, both general and local anesthesia can be used. In any case, men experience stress and psychological discomfort to a much lesser extent if the operation is performed under general anesthesia. It is also much easier for the surgeon to carry out the necessary manipulations if the patient is under general anesthesia. This eliminates the likelihood of spontaneous movements. General anesthesia is also indicated if the patient is overexcited, if he has fear, panic, doubts. In the event that a person has an allergy and individual intolerance to drugs or anesthesia, it is better to limit yourself to local anesthesia.

Technique phimosis surgery

Let's consider the technique of performing an operation for phimosis. Thus, the patient must be laid on the operating table on his back, the legs must be spread apart. After the anesthesia has fully taken effect, the surgeon begins to perform all the necessary manipulations. If anesthesia is carried out using an anesthetic gel, it must be applied in advance. Then, immediately before the operation, the skin is treated with special antiseptic agents. Iodonate is usually used for treatment. In this case, not only the penis is treated, but also the abdomen, scrotum, thighs and buttocks. After antiseptic treatment, it is imperative to cover the patient's body with sterile linen. The entire body is covered, only the area where the manipulation will be performed is opened.

The opening of the foreskin is narrowed, so it needs to be widened. This is done with clamps. The skin is pulled back, the head is exposed. If there are adhesions on the genital organ, they need to be separated. The doctor makes markings with a scalpel (the line along which the incision will go is indicated). After this, the surgeon proceeds directly to the incisions.

One of the techniques for performing circumcision is the circumcision technique (circumcision). Several techniques are used during the operation: dorsal incision, clamp operation, circular resection.

Dorsal incision is performed for phimosis and paraphimosis. This procedure has a number of advantages, in particular, it can be performed independently, without assistants. The operation is performed in several stages. First, it is necessary to apply clamps to the foreskin, then the skin is dissected (around 12 o'clock). The skin is cut off along the marked line, after which stitches are applied. Coagulation of the vessels is mandatory, then a sterile bandage is applied to the wound. [ 3 ]

The simplest techniques for performing the operation include the operation using a clamp. The presence of an assistant is required. The disadvantages of the method include the fact that for some time after the operation there will be no attractive aesthetic appearance. The essence of the procedure is that the skin is grasped with clamps, then it is pulled to the required length. Then the skin is cut off, after cutting the skin is pulled back and fixed with stitches. After the procedure, a sterile bandage is applied.

Of particular interest is the technique of circular resection. This is essentially a cosmetic procedure that is performed with an assistant. It is indicated for developed and pronounced subcutaneous veins. With this approach, the risk of bleeding is sharply reduced. During this procedure, the surgeon marks the incision line, makes the necessary cuts, separates the skin flap from the head of the penis. Then the skin is excised, a sterile bandage is applied. [ 4 ]

An alternative method is the surgical treatment method – prepuceoplasty. It is used in cases where the cicatricial change affects only the tip of the foreskin. The procedure lasts approximately 20 minutes. There are much fewer consequences and complications, the pain is also quite weak, easily relieved with the help of regular painkillers.

The procedure is performed in several stages. First, a small incision is made in the prepuce area along the penis. The incision should be of such a size that it can provide opening of the head of the penis. Also, during the incision, the doctor dissects fibrous adhesions of the skin. After performing all the necessary manipulations, the doctor applies stitches and a sterile bandage.

Meatoplasty is also performed. This is a surgical intervention that corrects the narrowing of the outlet. As a rule, during this procedure, the doctor takes an additional biopsy and conducts an endoscopic examination of the urethra. [ 5 ]

Types of operations

In case of pathological phimosis, surgery is always performed, since it is the only possible method of treatment. As statistics show, among all men of sexual age who have undergone such surgery, about a quarter of them were performed precisely because of pathological phimosis. In case of phimosis, several types of surgeries are possible. The choice of one or another type of surgery depends on the patient's age, its type, severity and severity of the pathological process, as well as on the skills and qualifications of the doctor.

The main types of operations currently practiced are: circumcision, or circumcision, prepuceoplasty, meatoplasty. Traditional surgery is also performed, which is carried out using a regular surgical scalpel. A modern method of treatment is laser radiation. Traditional surgical treatment is often performed because it is the cheapest and easiest method. This method does not require special equipment and can be carried out in a regular operating room, in a regular surgical department. A number of urologists can perform this operation. But it has a number of disadvantages, in particular, a long rehabilitation period is required after the procedure, the risk of complications increases sharply. The patient must follow numerous medical recommendations, in particular, the patient is limited in his capabilities for several months, in particular, sexual life is limited. The procedure is accompanied by the imposition of stitches, in their place scars and scars can remain for a long time.

Endoscopic treatment of phimosis is performed on an outpatient basis. Hospitalization is required for 1-2 days with a normal postoperative period. As a rule, the patient comes in the morning, undergoes surgery, after which he spends several hours or days under the doctor's observation. If everything is normal, the patient can leave the hospital. As a rule, the operation lasts 30 minutes. [ 6 ]

Schloffer operation for phimosis

In phimosis, the Schloffer operation is used. This is a special technique for performing an operation for phimosis, aimed at cutting off the foreskin. The doctor makes a zigzag incision. Then a full incision is made, all necessary manipulations are performed, and then the edges of the wound are sutured. The operation is performed under local anesthesia. The result of the operation is complete preservation of the foreskin, while simultaneously expanding it. The effectiveness of the procedure is 100%.

Laser surgery for phimosis

Nowadays, laser phimosis surgery is increasingly being performed. During this procedure, a laser is used instead of a traditional scalpel and scissors. A special laser beam is used. Under the influence of this beam, tissue is heated. At the same time, water evaporates and cells are destroyed. The laser acts like a cutting tool. In general, the technique for performing the procedure is similar to that of traditional surgical techniques.

The advantage of this technology is that significantly fewer complications arise with laser exposure. In particular, such complications as infection and bleeding do not occur. Pain is significantly less pronounced. It is worth noting the high accuracy of the procedure. The rehabilitation period is much shorter and is approximately 3-4 days. The duration of the intervention is much shorter - up to half an hour. [ 7 ]

How long does the operation take?

One of the most common questions that we hear from patients is how long the operation lasts. The duration of the operation depends on the method of the operation. Laser phimosis surgery is the shortest procedure. The duration of the intervention is much shorter - up to half an hour. The rehabilitation period is much shorter and is approximately 3-4 days.

A classic operation takes 2-3 hours. When using endoscopic techniques, the operation usually lasts 40-50 minutes. After the operation is performed using the classic method or an endoscopic incision, the patient is transferred to the postoperative ward, where he spends several hours. If there are no complaints or complications, the patient is discharged. If the postoperative period is normal, the patient is sent home. If there is a risk of complications, the patient will not be discharged. Bed rest will be required for the first 2-3 days.

Surgery for phimosis in children

Surgery for phimosis in children is not uncommon. It is indicated if a boy has a pathological narrowing of the foreskin. In this case, exposure of the head of the penis is impossible or painful. Inflammatory and infectious processes often occur in this condition. This can cause infertility, sexual weakness, and problems in intimate life.

Phimosis as a natural physiological condition is possible if the child is a newborn or is at an early age. After the child has reached puberty, this phenomenon becomes a pathology. The operation must be performed if there are indications for it.

If the procedure is performed on a child, all necessary preparatory measures are carried out by medical personnel. If the operation is performed on a newborn or a young child, you must not forget to take with you all the necessary hygiene products, diapers, and wipes.

It is also important to consider that on the day of the operation the child will most likely not be discharged home, although there are such cases. As a rule, the patient is under observation for about a day.

Local or general anesthesia can be used. The choice of method depends on the patient's age and condition. For example, when performing the procedure on newborn boys, local anesthesia is indicated. But the patient must be securely and firmly fixed, motionless. But all possible risks are always taken into account: there is a high probability of high activity and mobility of children at this age. Therefore, this method is unsafe, the likelihood of injury increases sharply. It is for this reason that most surgeons still use mask anesthesia. In this case, the child lies quietly, and the surgeon carefully, slowly performs all the necessary manipulations.

General anesthesia is always used for older children. This allows not only to avoid injury to surrounding tissues, but also to prevent the risk of psychological trauma in the child. As a rule, surgery with local anesthesia is painless. But in this case, the child observes everything that is happening, as a result of which psychological trauma inevitably develops. Anesthesia allows to avoid severe stress in the child. In addition, full anesthesia eliminates the likelihood of spontaneous movements. General anesthesia is also indicated if the child is overexcited, if he has fear, panic, doubts.

Contraindications to the procedure

Severe decompensated pathology of internal organs is considered as contraindication to the operation until the disease stabilizes. The operation is not performed in acute infectious and inflammatory processes, in case of hemostasis disorders, blood clotting disorders, while taking anticoagulants. Also, the operation should not be performed in the presence of pustular infections, ulcerative lesions of internal organs, in the presence of pus and exudate in the prepuce area. However, this contraindication is temporary. When the condition stabilizes, the operation can be performed. Also, structural changes in the penis are considered temporary contraindications. In this case, plastic surgery is required first, and only then surgery is possible. If a man has sexually transmitted infections, diseases of the genitourinary system (infectious, inflammatory), the operation is also not performed. First, a complete recovery is required.

Consequences after the procedure

After the operation, there is a feeling of discomfort and pain in the first days. But these sensations usually disappear within a few days. It is also worth noting that the pain is easily relieved with the help of regular painkillers. After the operation, it is extremely important to observe the correct rehabilitation period, the duration of which ranges from several weeks to several days, depending on the severity of the condition and the chosen surgical technique. It is important to ensure proper skin care and hygiene of the genitals. In this case, it is necessary to use sterile bandages (dry, clean). It is better not to take a shower for some time, or wear a condom while taking a shower. It is not recommended for children to take a shower. Regular rubdowns are quite sufficient for them. They should be done in such a way as not to wet the bandage.

It is also important to consider that men may have spontaneous erections at night, which cause pain and discomfort. This may also lead to blood flow disorders. Sometimes, with a strong erection, the sutures may come apart, but this is extremely rare. With a significant blood flow disorder, the bandage should be removed for a while. As a rule, in this case, the penis will be swollen, slightly enlarged. But this should not cause concern, as this is a normal reaction to tissue damage. Usually, suture removal is not required, as self-absorbable threads are used during the operation. They do not need to be removed, unless they have not been absorbed within 10 days.

How long does it take to heal after phimosis surgery?

Each patient should know how long it takes to heal after phimosis surgery in order to somehow plan their further actions. This depends, first of all, on the technique of the surgery, the patient's condition, and the severity of the pathology. The rehabilitation period is important, lasting from several days to several weeks. For example, with cicatricial phimosis, about 14 days are required for the body to fully recover. The advantages are that the rehabilitation period is short, and after 2 weeks, patients can return to their normal lifestyle. They can take a shower and perform any hygienic manipulations. As a rule, patients claim that after surgery, the discomfort is expressed to a much lesser extent than the daily difficulties associated with phimosis.

Circumcision is a planned outpatient surgical intervention. Local anesthesia is used during this procedure. The anesthesia stops working 2-3 hours after the operation. The recovery period does not exceed 14 days.

Endoscopic or traditional surgical treatment of phimosis is performed on an outpatient basis. Hospitalization is required for 1-2 days if the postoperative period is normal. As a rule, the patient comes in the morning, undergoes surgery, and then spends several hours or days under the doctor's observation. If everything is normal, the patient can leave the hospital.

The recovery period for laser surgery is approximately 3-4 days. Bed rest is required for the first 2-3 days. This reduces swelling of the genitals.

Swelling after surgery for phimosis

In order to answer the question of how long the swelling lasts after surgery for phimosis, you need to know exactly what method of surgical intervention was used. For example, with classic circumcision, the swelling can last up to 5 days. With laser surgery, the swelling lasts an average of 2-3 days. With the endoscopic method, the swelling lasts up to 5 days. With the classic surgical technique, the swelling can last from 5 to 14 days.

Edema occurs as a natural reaction to mechanical tissue damage, as a reaction to the administration of drugs. It is impossible to avoid edema, since during the operation, mucous membranes, skin, soft tissues, often blood vessels and nerve fibers are inevitably damaged. Fluid is exuded into the interstitial space, tissue mediators and inflammation factors are released.

The swelling goes away as the damaged tissues recover and regenerate. If the rehabilitation period is followed correctly, the duration of the swelling can be significantly reduced. It is also necessary to take into account the fact that the severity of the swelling depends on the physiological and functional state of the body, individual characteristics of the body. It is necessary to wear a special bandage. Also, many doctors recommend bed rest for 2-3 days, since it is in the lying position that the swelling goes away, the load on the head of the penis is reduced.

Temperature after phimosis surgery

Temperature may occur after phimosis surgery. Temperature may increase for many reasons. Temperature may increase during intensive recovery processes in the body. In this case, the temperature usually does not exceed 37.2-37.4 degrees. This is due to the fact that after mechanical damage to tissue structures, the processes of their natural recovery are launched. Recovery processes are associated with active metabolic processes, increased biochemical background, resulting in increased temperature. However, it should be taken into account that a temperature increase above 37.5 degrees is a pathological phenomenon. This may be due to the development of an inflammatory process or an infectious process. Particularly dangerous is the addition of hospital strains, since they are quite difficult to treat with antibacterial therapy and have a high degree of resistance.

Complications after the procedure

Complications are possible after the procedure. The operation is considered quite simple, but sometimes complications occur. They usually occur due to improper care of the postoperative wound, its infection, failure to maintain hygiene, or insufficient competence of the surgeon who performed the operation. The main complications include the following. Hemorrhages and bruises may appear at the suture sites. Inflammatory and infectious processes may also occur at the site of surgical intervention. The sensitivity of the head may also increase sharply, irritation, allergic reactions, itching, and pain may develop. Pain during urination also often occurs, and inflammatory reactions develop in the genitourinary tract. Ulcers and inflammatory processes may also appear on the skin.

Post-operative treatment

After the operation, treatment is required. Regular dressings must be carried out, aseptic and antiseptic rules must be observed, and hygiene rules must be observed. It is necessary to provide the head of the penis with full hygienic care, it is important to properly treat the wound and care for the sutures. The sterile dressing must not be removed for about a day. The first dressings must be performed by a professional. It is recommended to regularly apply a hygienic dressing to the suture. In this case, the suture must be pre-soaked in a solution of hydrogen peroxide. Dressings must be done for at least a week. If the dressing is dry, it must be moistened with a solution of hydrogen peroxide. This will reduce the likelihood of infection, as well as prevent tissue adhesion and mechanical damage.

Ointment after phimosis surgery

Most often, after phimosis surgery, ointment (levomekol) is used. This is an ointment that is applied to the affected area. First, a solution of hydrogen peroxide is made, then the ointment is applied. After this, a sterile bandage can be applied on top. The ointment is effective in healing wounds, and helps prevent infection. The ointment helps eliminate adverse effects after surgery, significantly alleviating the condition. Other ointments prescribed by the doctor can also be used.

Baths after surgery for phimosis

After surgery for phimosis, baths are performed. Bath products can be prepared at home using available products. Let's look at some recipes for infusions and decoctions for baths.

Recipe No. 1.

Take 250 grams of honey as a base. Separately prepare the extract, which will act as the main active ingredient. Take equal parts of plantain leaves, chamomile flowers, linden, leaves and shoots of black currant. Pour in 250 ml of alcohol. Infuse for 2 days. After the extract is prepared, take honey, melt it over low heat or in a water bath, slowly pour in 50 ml of extract while stirring constantly. Set aside and allow to harden. Use for baths.

Recipe No. 2.

Take butter as a base. Melt it over low heat. Then add about a tablespoon of the following ingredients: St. John's wort, chamomile flowers, horsetail, motherwort, blue cornflower. Stir, then set aside and allow to brew. Take the baths for 15-20 minutes.

Recipe No. 3.

Mix equal parts of nettle leaves, calendula flowers, birch buds, hawthorn, pour boiling water (200-250 ml), leave for at least an hour. Melt 50 grams of butter and honey separately. Add about 50 ml of the previously prepared decoction while stirring slowly. Remove from heat, allow to solidify. Add a tablespoon to the bath, stir.

Recipe No. 4.

Brew hawthorn, valerian root, rowan, rose hips like tea. Add sea buckthorn berries (about 50 grams). Mix all this with glycerin in equal parts, use to soften the water in the bath.

Recipe No. 5.

Take a tablespoon of rose hips, blackcurrants, walnut leaves, pine needles, hay grass, pour 500 ml of boiling water, leave for about 30 minutes. Add 50 ml of the solution to the pre-melted fat. Stir while heating slowly over a fire, allow to solidify. Add a tablespoon to the bath.

Recipe No. 6.

Take butter as a base and melt it. Separately prepare a decoction of the following composition: strawberries, dry leaves and shoots of cherries, red currants, wild strawberries, raspberries, bird cherry in the ratio 1:1:2:2:1:2. Brew 1-2 tablespoons of the mixture per cup of boiling water. Add to the melted and heated fish oil in a ratio of 1:1. Apply the mask to the face daily for 28 days.

Recipe No. 7.

Cedar resin is used as a base. It is melted. About 50 ml of previously prepared decoction is added to it. The decoction is as follows: take blueberries, linden blossom, rose petals, rose hips, viburnum, rowan berries in the ratio 1:2:1:1:3:1, pouring a glass of boiling water.

Recipe No. 8.

The main composition is prepared: grape leaves, May wormwood, rose hips, honey, vodka in the ratio 4:1:1:2:0.5. The product is heated to a comfortable temperature (approximately 40 degrees). Then a tablespoon of the product is added to 2-3 liters of the bath.

Recipe No. 9.

The following composition is prepared: corn silk, stevia, echinacea, nettle leaves, chamomile flowers, rose hips, in the ratio 3:1:1:1:2:1. Take baths for 10-15 minutes.

Recipe No. 10.

To prepare the bath solution, take honey and milk in equal parts. Melt over low heat. Heat. Add herbs: walnut partitions, dill, dried seaweed, sage, chamomile flowers in a ratio of 2:2:1:1:0.5. Mix everything, boil for 2-3 minutes, cool, use for baths for 5-10 minutes.

Care after the procedure

After the procedure, special care and rehabilitation are required. The patient is transferred to the postoperative ward, where he spends several hours. If there are no complaints or complications, the patient is discharged. If the postoperative period is normal, the patient is sent home. If there is a risk of complications, the patient will not be discharged. Surgical treatment of phimosis is considered low-traumatic. The patient's activity is sharply limited, but only for a few days.

In general, the rehabilitation period does not exceed 1-2 weeks. For the first 2-3 days, bed rest will be required. This reduces swelling of the genitals.

In order to fix the penis, you need to wear sweaty, tight-fitting underwear. It is necessary to wear a special bandage (bandage).

During the first few days, wearing it is mandatory, since it protects the penis from excessive loads and dirt. It also helps to avoid the development of edema. The bandage should be applied in such a way that the urethra is not closed and does not interfere with urination. After a few days, the bandage is removed. It can be removed by a doctor or the patient himself.

If the bandage sticks, it should be carefully treated with chlorhexidine and removed after it gets wet. The bandage cannot be removed by force, as this can damage the mucous membrane, which can result in complications and adverse effects. If you have undergone surgery for phimosis, hospitalization is not required, but rehabilitation must be strictly observed.