Orbit of the eye

In the upper part of the orbit there are tear, frontal and trochlear nerves and the upper orbital vein. In the lower part, the upper and lower branches of the oculomotor nerve pass, the nerve, nasociliary and sympathetic fibers.

Orbit of the eye is a pear-shaped cavity, the exit from which is represented by the optic nerve channel. Its intraorbital portion is longer (25 mm) than the distance from the posterior pole of the eye to the optic nerve channel (18 mm). This allows the eye to shift anteriorly to a considerable distance (exophthalmos) without excessive tension of the optic nerve.

1. The orbit consists of two bones: a small wing of the main bone and an orbital plate of the frontal bone. The vault lies in the anterior cranial fossa and the frontal sinus. A defect in the orbital arch can lead to pulsating exophthalmos as a result of the transfer of oscillations of the cerebrospinal fluid into orbit.
2. The outer wall of the orbit also consists of two bones: the zygomatic and the large main wing. The front of the eye protrudes beyond the outer edge of the orbit and is at risk of traumatic injury.
3. The lower wall of the orbit consists of three bones: the zygomatic, maxillary and palatine. Zadnemednalnaya part of the maxillary bone is relatively weak and can be subjected to a "fracture" fracture. The lower wall of the orbit forms the arch of the maxillary sinus, so the carcinoma, germinating into the orbit from the maxillary sinus, can shift the eye upward.
4. The inner wall of the orbit consists of four bones: the maxillary, lacrimal, latticed and basic. A papyrus plate that forms part of the medial wall has a thickness of a sheet of paper and is perforated with a number of holes for the nerves and blood vessels, so the orbit cellulite often develops secondary due to sinusitis of the sinus sinus.
5. The upper orbital gap is a narrow gap between the large and small wings of the main bone, through which important structures pass from the cranial cavity to the orbit.

Inflammation in the upper orbital gap and apex of the orbit is manifested by a variety of symptoms, including ophthalmoplegia and venous outflow, which causes the development of eyelid edema and exophthalmos.

[1], [2]

Clinical features of orbital diseases

Soft tissue injury

Signs: changes from the eyelid, periorbital edema, ptosis, chemosis and conjunctival injection.

Causes: thyroid disease of the eye, orbital cellulite, orbital inflammation and arteriovenous anastomoses.

[3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9],