Muscles of the larynx

Muscles of the larynx are functionally divided into muscles that stretch the vocal cords, expanders and narrowers of the glottis. All muscles of the larynx, except for the transverse anteral, paired.

Strain (stretch) the vocal cords (ligg.vocalia) two muscles: perstneshchitovidnaya and voice.

Muscles of the larynx

Muscles	Start	Attachment	Function	Innervation
Muscles that stretch (tighten) the vocal cords
Feather-toothed muscle	The front surface of the ring-bearing cartilage	The lower edge of the plate, the lower horn of the thyroid cartilage	Tilts the thyroid cartilage anteriorly	Upper laryngeal nerve
Muscle muscle	Angle of thyroid cartilage	Vox appendage scooped-prominent cartilage, vocal cords	Pulls the vocal cords forward and backwards (straining her)	Lower laryngeal nerve
Muscles that dilate the vocal cavity
Rear ring-sculp-prominent muscle	The posterior surface of the ring-bearing cartilage	Muscular process scooped-prominent cartilage	Pulls the muscular process of the scooped-prominent cartilage back, while the voice process rotates laterally	Also
Muscles narrowing the vocal cavity
Lateral pericnaherpa-lateral muscle	The upper edge of the arc of the finger-prominent cartilage	Also	Pulls the muscular process of scooping-prominent cartilage forward, while the voice process rotates medially	»»
Slanting scoop-prominent muscle	Muscular process scooped-prominent cartilage	The top of the antipodal scoop-prominent cartilage	Approaches the right and left scapular-cartilage to each other	Lower laryngeal nerve
Charpawnade-guttural muscle	Continuation of the previous muscle	Edge of the Nadgorga Tannica	Pulls overhead-tannik back, closing the entrance to the larynx	Also
Transversely scooped-prominent muscle (unpaired)	The lateral margin of scoop-prominent cartilage	The lateral margin of the scoop-prominent cartilage of the other side	Approaches the right and left scoop-prominent cartilages to each other	»»

The transcrineal muscle (m.cricothyroideus) begins on the anterior surface of the arc of the cricoid cartilage and is attached to the thyroid cartilage. There are direct and oblique parts of this muscle. The straight part (pars recta) is attached to the lower edge of the thyroid cartilage, the oblique part (pars obliqua) goes upward and laterally and is attached to the base of the lower horn of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx. Acting on pershneshchitovidnye joints, this paired muscle inclines forward thyroid cartilage. The distance between the thyroid cartilage and the vocal appendages of the arytenoid cartilages increases, the vocal cords tensify. When the thyroid cartilage returns to its original position, the vocal cords relax.

The vocal muscle (m.vocalis), or the internal sciatica muscle (m.thyroarytenoideus internus - BNA), is located in the thickness of the same lining of the larynx. The muscle starts on the lateral surface of the vocal appendage of the arytenoid cartilage, is directed forward and attached to the inner surface of the corner of the thyroid cartilage. Some of the fibers of this muscle are interlaced in the vocal cords. The muscle can contract completely or in separate parts, straining the vocal cords whole or in any of its parts.

The posterior cricoid muscle extends the vocal cicle (m.cricoarytenoideus posterior). It starts at the rear surface of the cricoid cartilage, goes upward and laterally and is attached to the muscle process of the arytenoid cartilage. With contraction, the muscle pulls the vocal process back, turns the arytenoid cartilage outward. The vocal appendage of the arytenoid cartilage leaves laterally, and the vocal cleft at the same time expands.

The lateral perinechnic cricoid muscle narrows the vocal cicle, the scutellum, transverse and oblique myaloid muscles.

Lateral cricoid muscle (m.cricoarytenoideus lateralis) begins on the lateral part of the arch of the cricoid cricoid. Goes up and back, attached to the muscle process of the arytenoid cartilage. With the contraction of these muscles, the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage is shifted forward, and the vocal process moves inward. As a result, the vocal neck (especially its anterior part) narrows.

The sciatica muscle (m.thyroarytenoideus) begins on the inner surface of the plate of the thyroid cartilage, goes back and slightly upward, and attaches itself to the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage. The muscle also pulls the muscle process forward. The voice processes converge, the vocal cracks narrows.

The transverse arytenoid muscle (m.arytenoideus transversus) located on the posterior surface of both arytenoid cartilages, when contracted, brings the arytenoid cartilages closer, narrowing the posterior part of the glottis.

The oblique anteroid muscle (m.arytenoideus obliquus) is paired, from the posterior surface of the muscular process of one arytenoid cartilage upward and medially to the lateral margin of the other arytenoid cartilage. Muscular bundles of the right and left oblique antero-posterior muscles cross behind the transverse arytenoid muscle, with a reduction in the proximity of the arytenoid cartilages. Separate bundles of oblique scleroid muscles continue into the thickness of cherpalodnagortan folds and attach to the lateral edges of the epiglottis (cherpalodnagortan muscle, m.aryepiglotticus). These bundles, with their contraction narrow the entrance to the larynx. Cherpalodnagortannye muscles incline the epiglottis to the back, closing the entrance to the larynx (with the act of swallowing).

As a result of the action of the muscles on the cartilage and laryngeal joints, the position of the vocal folds changes, the vocal cleft dilates or narrows. In speaking, the voice gap widens to 10-15 mm (from 5 mm with quiet breathing). When shouting, singing, the voice gap widens as much as possible. The width of the glottis can be seen with laryngoscopy (examination of the walls of the larynx) in the clinic.

[1], [2], [3]