Diseases of children (pediatrics)

Diagnosis of sore throat and acute pharyngitis in children

In severe cases of acute tonsillitis/tonsillopharyngitis and acute pharyngitis and in cases of hospitalization, a peripheral blood test is performed, which in uncomplicated cases reveals leukocytosis, neutrophilia and a shift in the formula to the left in the case of streptococcal etiology of the process and normal leukocytosis or a tendency to leukopenia and lymphocytosis in the case of viral etiology of the disease.

Symptoms of sore throat and acute pharyngitis in children

Acute tonsillitis/tonsillopharyngitis and acute pharyngitis are characterized by an acute onset, usually accompanied by a rise in body temperature and deterioration of the condition, the appearance of a sore throat, refusal of food in small children, malaise, lethargy, and other signs of intoxication.

Causes of sore throat and acute pharyngitis in children

There are age differences in the etiology of tonsillitis and acute pharyngitis. In the first 4-5 years of life, acute tonsillitis/tonsillopharyngitis and pharyngitis are mainly viral in nature and are most often caused by adenoviruses; in addition, acute tonsillitis/tonsillopharyngitis and acute pharyngitis can be caused by herpes simplex viruses and Coxsackie enteroviruses.

Acute tonsillitis (sore throat) and acute pharyngitis in children

Acute tonsillitis (angina), tonsillopharyngitis and acute pharyngitis are characterized by inflammation of one or more components of the lymphoid pharyngeal ring. Acute tonsillitis (angina) is typically characterized by acute inflammation of the lymphoid tissue, mainly the palatine tonsils.

Rhinopharyngitis (runny nose) in a child

Among upper respiratory tract infections, acute nasopharyngitis (runny nose) accounts for about 70% of all upper respiratory tract diseases in children, and the frequency of episodes of acute nasopharyngitis can reach 6-8 times a year in preschool children; at an older age, the incidence of acute nasopharyngitis decreases to 2-4 episodes per year.

Pediatric acute respiratory infections

Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) in children account for approximately 75% of all childhood illnesses.

What causes anaphylactic shock in children?

An anaphylactoid reaction may occur after sudden cooling, intense physical exertion, exposure to iodine-containing radiographic contrast agents (in 0.1% of patients), dextran, vancomycin, vitamin B6, D-tubocurarine, captopril, acetylsalicylic acid. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of cases of idiopathic anaphylaxis.

Insect allergy

Stinging insects belong to the Hymenoptera. Most often, severe systemic reactions occur to bee and wasp bites. Mosquito bites rarely cause severe allergic reactions, since they inject not poison, but a secretion of the salivary glands, which can cause a local allergic reaction. With an abundance of mosquitoes, midges, beetles, butterflies in the summer, it is possible to inhale small insects or wing scales, which can cause respiratory allergies.

Serum sickness

Serum sickness is a systemic immunopathological reaction to the introduction of parenteral foreign protein, animal serum. It can manifest itself both with repeated and primary introduction of foreign serum.

Lyell's syndrome (toxic epidermal necrolysis) in children

Lyell's syndrome is one of the most severe drug-induced lesions. It is rare in children. It develops when using several medications (antibiotics, sulfonamides, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticonvulsants), less often - blood or plasma transfusions. Hereditary predisposition plays a certain role.