Diseases of children (pediatrics)

Causes of bronchial asthma in children

A study of families of children with bronchial asthma shows that the total contribution of genetic factors to the development of bronchial asthma is 82%.

Bronchial asthma in children

Bronchial asthma is a chronic allergic inflammatory disease of the airways involving many cells and cellular elements. Chronic inflammation causes bronchial hyperreactivity, which leads to repeated episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, especially at night or early in the morning.

Bronchitis in children

Bronchitis is an inflammatory process in the bronchi of various etiologies (infectious, allergic, chemical, physical, etc.). The term "bronchitis" covers lesions of the bronchi of any caliber: small bronchioles - bronchiolitis, trachea - tracheitis or tracheobronchitis.

How is acute laryngitis (false croup) treated?

Treatment of acute laryngitis (false croup) is aimed at preventing laryngeal stenosis and, if it occurs, at restoring laryngeal patency.

Diagnosis of acute laryngitis

Diagnosis of acute laryngitis is based on clinical data, and in the case of stenosing laryngitis - on data from direct laryngoscopy.

Symptoms of acute laryngitis

Acute laryngitis usually develops on the 2nd-3rd day of acute upper respiratory tract infection and is characterized by hoarseness. Acute laryngotracheitis is accompanied by a loud "barking" cough. In the lungs - conductive dry whistling rales, they are heard mainly on inhalation. The child is agitated.

What causes acute laryngitis?

The cause of acute laryngitis is predominantly viral. The leading etiologic role is played by parainfluenza viruses, mainly type 1, followed by PC viruses, influenza viruses, mainly type B, adenoviruses. Less common are herpes simplex and measles viruses. Bacterial infection plays a lesser role in the etiology of acute laryngitis, but, as a rule, leads to a more severe course.

Acute laryngitis (false croup) in children

Acute stenosing laryngitis is laryngitis with inflammatory edema of the mucous membrane and submucosal tissue of the subglottic region of the larynx, resulting in a narrowing of the lumen of the larynx or larynx and trachea.

Acute sinusitis in children

Acute sinusitis accounts for 30-35% of all cases of upper respiratory tract infections. Acute sinusitis is recorded starting from the neonatal period (acute ethmoiditis), but more often at the age of 3-6 years (acute ethmoiditis and acute maxillary sinusitis). Acute frontal sinusitis and acute sphenoidal sinusitis, and especially pansinusitis, are observed less frequently.

Treatment of sore throat and acute pharyngitis in children

Treatment of tonsillitis and acute pharyngitis varies depending on the etiology of acute tonsillitis and acute pharyngitis. Antibiotics are indicated for streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis, they are not indicated for viral tonsillopharyngitis, and antibiotics are indicated for mycoplasma and chlamydial tonsillitis only in cases where the process is not limited to tonsillitis or pharyngitis, but descends into the bronchi and lungs.