Diseases of children (pediatrics)

Acute bronchiolitis in children

Acute bronchiolitis is a type of obstructive bronchitis involving small bronchi and alveoli, characterized by respiratory failure and an abundance of fine-bubble wheezing. Bronchial obstruction occurs in the terminal section of the bronchial tree. It is observed mainly in children in their first year of life.

Acute obstructive bronchitis in children

Acute obstructive bronchitis is acute bronchitis with bronchial obstruction syndrome. Acute obstructive bronchitis is characterized by wheezing. Acute bronchiolitis is a type of acute obstructive bronchitis with damage to small bronchi and bronchioles. Bronchiolitis is characterized by respiratory failure and an abundance of fine-bubble wheezing (children in the first two years of life are more often affected).

Acute bronchitis in children

Acute bronchitis (simple): bronchitis occurring without signs of bronchial obstruction. This is an inflammatory disease of the bronchi with increased bronchial secretion, the main symptoms of which include cough, dry and moist rales of various sizes, radiologically - the absence of infiltrative or focal changes in the lung tissue; bilateral enhancement of the pulmonary pattern and roots of the lungs may be observed.

Frequently ill children

The group of frequently ill children usually includes children susceptible to frequent respiratory diseases due to transient, correctable deviations in the body's defense systems and without persistent organic disorders in them. Frequently ill children are not a nosological form of disease and not a diagnosis. Depending on age and social conditions, such children make up from 15 to 75% of the child population.

Chronic tonsillitis in children

Chronic tonsillitis is a chronic inflammation of the palatine tonsils. There are compensated and uncompensated forms of chronic tonsillitis. The main role in the etiology of chronic tonsillitis belongs to hemolytic streptococcus group A, staphylococcus, adenoviruses, fungal flora. Hereditary predisposition, repeated respiratory infections, etc. are important in the development of the disease.

Adenoiditis in children

Adenoiditis in children is caused by coccal flora, namely: staphylococci, streptococci. Sometimes, due to the immunological characteristics of each child, the acute process turns into chronic adenoiditis.

Prevention of bronchial asthma

Prevention of bronchial asthma is a system of complex measures aimed at preventing the disease, exacerbation of the disease, and reducing adverse effects. Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of bronchial asthma are distinguished.

Treatment of bronchial asthma in children

The greatest clinical and pathogenetic effectiveness is currently shown when using ICS. All drugs of basic anti-inflammatory treatment are taken daily and for a long time. This principle of using anti-inflammatory drugs (basic) allows achieving control over the disease and maintaining it at the proper level.

Diagnosis of bronchial asthma in children

In children over 5 years of age, it is necessary to evaluate the function of external respiration. Spirometry allows to evaluate the degree of obstruction, its reversibility and variability, as well as the severity of the disease. However, spirometry allows to evaluate the child's condition only at the time of examination.

Symptoms of bronchial asthma in children

In most cases, children have an atopic form of bronchial asthma. Typical symptoms of bronchial asthma include asthma attacks and broncho-obstructive syndrome. The main causes of bronchial obstruction are edema and hypersecretion, and spasm of the bronchial muscles.