Causes of stomatitis

Stomatitis is an inflammatory process that affects the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. Stomatitis is a general term for inflammatory diseases, which is divided into types:

• gingivitis - gum disease,
• palaginitis - a lesion of the palate,
• glossitis - a lesion of the tongue,
• Cheilitis is a lesion of the lip.

The causes of stomatitis, regardless of its type, can be absolutely different, ranging from improper oral hygiene to diseases of internal organs. As a rule, the main cause is infections that can be "picked up" in a public canteen due to unwashed dishes; through a kiss with a person suffering from stomatitis; infectious diseases concerning the blood or digestive system; a bad tooth, and so on. In general, there are many factors for the development of this disease. The main thing is to eradicate the causes of stomatitis in a timely manner. But more on that later.

In addition to the types of stomatitis, there is another classification based on the type of their formation:

• traumatic stomatitis - caused by physical or chemical factors that have a traumatic effect on the oral mucosa;
• infectious stomatitis - a result acquired due to infections of any nature: bacterial, fungal, viral. Among infectious stomatitis, specific stomatitis has a special character, which appears as a result of tuberculosis, syphilis, etc.;
• Symptomatic stomatitis is a factor in the development of diseases of internal organs.

In addition, stomatitis has its own form and stage:

• catarrhal - without external damage;
• ulcerative - the presence of ulcers in the affected area: gums, palate, tongue, lips;
• aphthous - ulcers plus painful sensations (burning).

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What causes stomatitis?

It is very important to identify the causes of stomatitis, as absolute recovery is guaranteed if the pathogen of this disease is eliminated. So, let's consider what causes stomatitis:

• bacteria, viruses, myxoplasms;
• poor appetite;
• poor nutrition;
• dehydration as a result of gastrointestinal disorders (diarrhea, vomiting), low fluid intake, copious urine output, large blood loss, prolonged period of elevated temperature;
• failure to observe hygiene rules;
• poor quality work of dentists;
• medications that reduce salivation;
• lack of vitamins and microelements: A, B, C, iron, folic acid;
• alcohol and nicotine;
• malignant neoplasms in the face and neck area;
• hormonal changes: menopause, pregnancy, puberty, etc.;
• side effect of chemotherapy;
• anemia;
• Dental cleaning products containing sodium lauryl sulfate;
• weak immunity;
• antibiotics;
• tartar;
• salty, sour, excessively cold or hot foods.

Of course, different causes of stomatitis require different treatments.

How is stomatitis transmitted?

The method of transmission of stomatitis depends on the form of stomatitis. Some types of stomatitis occur due to treatment of oncological diseases, ENT diseases (tonsillitis), etc. It is impossible to protect yourself 100% from stomatitis, as it is transmitted by sick animals, agricultural products, during a conversation with a sick person, and other ways to become infected with stomatitis.

From the above, it is clear that the causes of stomatitis are different, and accordingly, the methods of protection against it and the methods of treatment are varied.

The most important thing is to remember about hygiene and not to forget that doctors have not lost their relevance in our time. And fear of the dentist is an illogical manifestation of weakness that can lead to serious consequences.

Treatment of stomatitis with folk remedies:

• Regardless of the causes of stomatitis, treating the oral cavity with iodine three times a day for 2 days is the best remedy;
• if your diagnosis is viral stomatitis, then the damaged area is lubricated with sea buckthorn oil 3-4 times a day;
• a decoction of oak bark strengthens the gums and promotes the healing of damage to the oral mucosa;
• For small (infants) children, the oral cavity is lubricated with rose jam, if the child is not allergic to the contents.

Pathogens of stomatitis

Why is hygiene so important in this case? The causative agent of stomatitis develops, as we have already discussed above, mainly - infections. In a more intensive mode, those people who have open wounds in the mouth or bleeding gums should pay attention to cleanliness, since it is easier for the "infection" to enter the body through an open wound.

The oral microflora consists of bacteroids, fusobacteria, streptococci. In case of any violations, they cannot provoke an inflammatory process. So, the causes of stomatitis should be sought, first of all, in yourself.

Other infectious agents causing stomatitis:

• tuberculosis,
• scarlet fever,
• fungal (candidiasis).

The causes of stomatitis and the methods of combating it are closely interrelated, since by neutralizing the source of the disease, it is much easier and more effective to cure stomatitis. If you only treat it without eliminating the factor of stomatitis formation, your efforts may be in vain.

Infectious stomatitis

Again, before talking about treatment, it is necessary to establish the causes of stomatitis. Infectious stomatitis develops against the background of the absence of protective functions in the body. Accordingly, the treatment of infectious stomatitis is aimed at strengthening the immune system. The oral cavity is treated with antiseptic solutions. Ultraviolet therapy is no exception in this case.

Causes of infectious stomatitis:

• viral diseases: herpes simplex or shingles, flu, measles, mononucleosis, etc.;
• bacterial diseases: tuberculosis, diphtheria, etc.;
• fungal pathogens: actinomycosis, candidiasis;
• STDs: syphilis, gonorrhea.

Infectious stomatitis has several types:

1. Vesicular stomatitis. Its carriers are animals. And sick animals transmit the disease to humans. As for the clinical form of manifestation, the sensations are similar to the FLU, which is accompanied by external manifestations - vesicles - bubbles with a transparent liquid on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. General condition: high temperature, headache, joint pain and other manifestations of general intoxication. After two to three days, the patient observes vesicles on the face, or more precisely in the area surrounding the mouth: cheeks, wings of the nose, upper lip; the duration of manifestation of which is 10 - 12 days. In addition, inflammation of the nearby lymph nodes is observed.

Treatment consists of taking antiviral medications such as Interferon, Viferon, and treating the inflamed area with antiseptics: Methylene blue, Iodine-povidone.

"Interferon" is used as a solution, namely: the contents of the ampoule (release form in ampoules) are mixed with distilled or boiled water. The resulting mixture is red, stored in a cool place for no more than 2 days. The prepared solution is administered with a pipette into the nose, as a medicine for a runny nose, 5 drops twice a day, the interval of use is 6 hours. If the pipette is replaced with a spray, the volume of liquid is 0.25 ml in each nasal passage. Contraindications and side effects have not been identified.

"Viferon" is an "enhancer" of the action of "Interferon", respectively, the two drugs are used in combination. It has several forms of release: ointment, gel, suppositories. As for contraindications and side effects, as in the previous version, they were not found. Regarding the method of application - everything depends on the form of release and the doctor's prescription.

Antiseptics are used in the form of external solutions, usually twice a day: morning and evening.

2. Vincent's ulcerative necrotic stomatitis or symbiosis of two bacteria. The cause of this disease is weak immunity. Symptoms include: high temperature, profuse salivation, bad breath, bleeding gums and their soreness. Further, the disease is accompanied by ulcers and necrotic tissue in the oral cavity. If the palatine tonsils are affected, then the symptoms are accompanied by Simanovsky-Vincent's angina.

This type of stomatitis is treated with antibacterial and general tonic drugs. In case of a long-term course of the disease, you should consult an immunologist. In addition, drug treatment alone is not enough here, as it is necessary to cleanse the teeth from plaque (at the dentist), and antiseptic treatment of the mouth, as in the previous version and for any type of stomatitis.

"Gexaliz", "Gramidin" and "Decatilene" are some of the most popular options for treating many types of stomatitis.

"Gexaliz" (antiviral drug) instructions: intended for the treatment of stomatitis, gingivitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis. Contraindications: children under 4 years of age and hypersensitivity to the drug. Side effects are possible with prolonged use: allergic reaction, dysbacteriosis. The method of application depends on age, and during pregnancy and lactation, the drug is used under the strict guidance of a doctor. The dosage for an adult is: 1 tablet no more than 4 times a day. The interval between doses is 4 hours. The maximum duration of the course is 10 days.

"Grammidin" is an antifungal drug. Doctors recommend it in cases where one of these diagnoses has been established:

• stomatitis,
• gingivitis,
• pharyngitis,
• tonsillitis,
• angina,
• periodontosis.

Contraindications are the same as for "Gexaliz". Side effects include allergic reactions. The course of treatment for adults is as follows: 2 tablets 4 times a day after meals. The tablets are absorbed until completely dissolved. Do not swallow or chew! Children under 12 years old take 1 tablet 4 times a day.

"Decatylene" is a strong antiseptic, which is appropriate for the treatment of many diseases associated with the oral cavity and throat. Contraindications: pregnancy, breastfeeding, hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, allergy to quaternary ammonium compounds. Possible side effects: itching, rash, burning in the mouth. Dosage: according to age and degree of the disease.

3. Fungal stomatitis develops as a result of candidiasis. The method of treatment consists of using antifungal and antiseptic drugs. As antiseptics, "Decatylene", "Methylene blue", "Iodine-povidone" are used. And also "Diflucan", "Ketoconazole".

"Diflucan" is an antifungal drug. Dosages are taken into account after receiving the test results, as this drug is intended to eliminate various bacteria, and accordingly, the method of application is also different. For what diagnoses is this drug recommended? Cryptococcal, candidal, onychomycosis infections. The disadvantage of the drug is that it contains many possible side effects:

• dizziness, headache, convulsions, taste changes;
• nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, hepatotoxicity (rarely, but even fatal outcome is possible), abdominal pain and bloating, diarrhea, increased serum levels (ALT and AST), increased levels of alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, impaired liver function, including jaundice;
• prolonged QT interval on ECG, ventricular fibrillation,
• rash, alopecia, toxic epidermal necrolysis, exfoliative dermatological diseases;
• leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis,
• hypokalemia, increased cholesterol, triglycerides;
• anaphylactic reactions.

"Ketoconazole", as an antifungal drug, is a very strong remedy. But, again, there are certain rules for taking it in accordance with the established diagnosis. And also a number of side effects:

• dizziness, headache, drowsiness, paresthesia;
• decreased appetite, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, hepatitis - in case of prolonged use for more than 2 weeks, there is a high probability of death; -
• impotence, decreased libido, gynecomastia, menstrual irregularities, oligospermia;
• itching, hives, rash, burning, hair loss;
• photophobia, fever;
• problems with the scalp: oily or dry hair.

Viral stomatitis

The causes of stomatitis in this case are diseases caused by viruses:

• simple herpes;
• chickenpox;
• FLU, parainfluenza;
• adenovirus and so on.

The onset of the disease manifests itself as general malaise, headache, and a general temperature of 37-41 Cº. After 1-2 days, pain in the oral cavity is added, increasing during conversation and eating. External changes: blisters in the oral cavity. The number of vesicular formations is from 2 to several dozen. They can also merge into one whole and have larger dimensions. After 2-3 days, the blisters burst, resulting in the formation of large wounds with a white coating. Salivation increases, saliva becomes viscous. The possibility of damage to the lips, nasal passages and other organs is not excluded.

The recovery period depends on the severity, usually from 5 to 15 days.

Treatment begins only after the causes of stomatitis have been identified. It is logical that the virus that caused stomatitis is immediately eliminated using antiviral drugs (Interferon, Viferon). If herpes is the cause of stomatitis, then an antiherpetic polyvalent vaccine is used in treatment. Antiseptics, vitamins A, C, painkillers and wound-healing agents.

Stomatitis in HIV

In this case, the presence of stomatitis is a normal reaction of the body to the changes occurring in the body. Most HIV patients suffer from candidal stomatitis, which is typical at the initial stage of development of this type of STD. Very rarely, candidal stomatitis occurs in a healthy person. A more serious degree of candidal stomatitis is called acute pseudomembranous candidal stomatitis. The oral cavity is completely white or gray-white plaque, which looks like a cheesy mixture. If the corners of the mouth are affected, then this is already called angular cheilitis. The causes of stomatitis in HIV are clear - weak immunity, the virus. The problem in the treatment of stomatitis in this case is that it is practically untreatable. To the question "why?" - the answer is: to cure stomatitis, you should eliminate the causes of stomatitis. Medicine is still powerless to eliminate HIV. There is practically no information on the Internet about medications for the treatment of stomatitis in HIV, not because there are difficulties in the treatment itself, but because it is necessary to have accurate tests on hand and see the condition of the oral cavity with your own eyes in order to prescribe a drug. That is, in this case, only a doctor and only at a personal meeting with the patient can determine the method of treatment. But, as with any stomatitis, rinsing the mouth with antiseptic solutions is the basis of treatment.

Enteroviral stomatitis

Here the causes of stomatitis are reflected by the name, which comes from enteroviruses. What is an enterovirus? It is a complex of a large number of viral infections, actively developing in the human gastrointestinal tract. How does this virus appear in the body? It enters the gastrointestinal tract with water, or with agricultural food products, or from sick animals. Blood-sucking insects can also be transmitters of infections, the bites of which threaten vesicular stomatitis.

It is impossible to eliminate the causes of stomatitis of enterovirus origin by thoroughly washing hands, cleaning dishes with detergents, chlorinating the room - as these viruses are normally adapted to acids and alkalis. The only effective preventive method of combating them is boiling to a temperature of at least 50ºС (milk) or treating with boiling water (strawberries, greens).

In addition, enterovirus stomatitis can be transmitted by airborne droplets (during a conversation with a carrier); contact, due to shared items; fecal-oral due to the penetration of the virus from manure, which is used as a fertilizer for plant products.

Adults get sick with enterovirus much less often than children. As a rule, the main category of those who get sick are children aged 2-3 years.

So, let's look at the symptoms: it is mostly an asymptomatic disease, but there are rare cases of 2-3% when serious complications occur. These complications include:

• vesicular stomatitis with exanthema, which means a vesicular rash in the mouth, on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet;
• severe itching;
• profuse salivation;
• pain when swallowing;
• high body temperature, fever, weakness, chills, runny nose;
• muscle pain, hyperemia, headache;
• gastrointestinal problems, diarrhea, vomiting;
• photophobia.

Doctors often confuse this disease with other illnesses such as acute respiratory viral infections, acute respiratory infections, herpes, allergies, etc. This is due to the fact that the rash appears last.

If enterovirus stomatitis does not show any acute symptoms, then treatment proceeds quickly, in about a week, if everything is done correctly.

Now let's move on to treatment methods.

Since a person is a carrier during this period, he must be isolated from the group so that the disease is not transmitted to other people. At this point, do not forget about personal hygiene items, such as a towel. The most common medications are "Interferon", "Viferon", "Gexaliz", "Gramidin" antiseptics: "Methylene blue", "Iodine-povidone", "Decatilen".

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Bacterial stomatitis

The causes of stomatitis, as mentioned above, are the first thing to pay attention to. As for bacterial stomatitis, the pathogens are bacteria: streptococci, staphylococci. It is very easy to catch these bacteria: unwashed hands, unwashed dishes, public places, etc. Even a newborn in a maternity hospital can become infected.

In addition to streptococci and staphylococci, there are other bacteria that are a factor in the development of stomatitis:

• spirochetes;
• diplococci;
• spindle-shaped bacteria;
• clostridia;
• gonococci.

The duration of the disease and the general condition of the person depend on the degree of the disease and the body's immune response.

After all possible causes of stomatitis have been described, its symptoms and treatment methods should be discussed.

Bacterial stomatitis begins with painful eating. The mucous membrane becomes red, swollen, ulcers, and cracks appear. Salivation increases, and an unpleasant odor appears from the mouth. The gums become swollen and loose. If you refuse timely treatment, then in addition to painful sensations, the gums become necrotic. A painful reaction of the whole organism to the disease is possible: fatigue, high temperature, headache and joint pain, tonsillitis.

The methods of treating bacterial stomatitis are the same as for Vincent's ulcerative necrotic stomatitis, plus antibiotics "Gentamicin", "Penicillin", "Ampiox" and immunostimulants are added. But it is very important to remember that it is dangerous to take such medications without a doctor's recommendation. During the treatment, it is also worth remembering that some types of stomatitis are similar in symptoms, but have different causes, which means that the treatment is also different. In this case, confusing the diagnosis means using the wrong treatment. Therefore, only a doctor has the right to recommend medications and their dosage.

Traumatic stomatitis

Traumatic stomatitis is a disease that occurs due to mechanical trauma or physical or chemical impact on the oral mucosa. The causes of stomatitis in this case cannot be eliminated as they are random in nature, for example, a person accidentally hit a sharp object, resulting in an injury that weakened the physical function of the oral mucosa. In addition to a blow, there may be other causes of stomatitis: trauma from a fragment of a destroyed tooth; biting the oral mucosa.

As for drug treatment, there is no need for it. But following hygiene rules and using antiseptics "Methylene blue", "Iodine-povidone" will not hurt.

Stomatitis after chemotherapy

Chemotherapy affects the human immune system so strongly that it can cause any disease, including stomatitis. The causes of stomatitis in this case, of course, are weakened immunity. Chemotherapy is designed to destroy cancer cells, and as a result, not only the affected but also healthy cells are killed. Hence, weight loss, baldness, lack of vitamins and microelements in the body, weakened oral mucosa, and so on. Stomatitis after chemotherapy is very painful. Its only advantage is that it is temporary. After the regeneration of the level of leukocytes in the blood, stomatitis passes. That is, again, we return to the fact that the treatment of stomatitis consists in eliminating the cause of stomatitis.

Now let's look at options for reducing the risk of stomatitis in oncological diseases:

• Before starting drug treatment, consult a dentist;
• regular self-examination of the oral cavity throughout the treatment process;
• When brushing your teeth and tongue, use soft brushes to avoid damaging your gums. Brush your teeth after every meal;
• refusal to floss;
• the toothpaste should not contain sodium lauryl sulfate, calcium carbonate. The best option for cleaning teeth is toothpaste with plant components, silicon dioxide, fluorides, antiseptics. For example, "Parodontax", "Radonta";
• rinsing the mouth with antiseptic solutions, for example, soda + salt + room temperature water. A decoction of oak bark is also a wonderful antiseptic;
• hygienic lipsticks or "Vaseline";
• quitting smoking.

You can relieve gum pain with the help of special products: "Baby-Dent" - a drug for children (suitable for adults), applied to the gums as an anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving agent; "Dentol" has the same effect; "Novocaine" and "Ledocaine".

Drug-induced stomatitis

Let's start with the factors of occurrence of drug-induced stomatitis. So, the causes of stomatitis are drugs, regardless of their appointment internally or externally. Each person's organism is individual, therefore, it is impossible to know in advance the reaction of each person to a particular drug.

It has already become clear that the causes of stomatitis this time are medications. These usually include:

• antibiotics such as Tetracycline, Streptomycin;
• anesthetics;
• sulfonamides, for example, "Norsulfazole", "Sulfidine", "Sulfazole";
• pyrazolone drugs such as "Antipyrine", "Analgin", "Amidopyrine";
• enzymes;
• serums and vaccines;
• vitamin complexes;
• barbiturates;
• bromine, iodine, phenol, arsenic, lead, bismuth, mercury.

Most often, the cause of drug-induced stomatitis is antibiotics. In this case, the symptoms are: swelling and redness of soft tissues: lips, cheeks, tongue, and palate; the tongue is swollen and smooth; soreness and bleeding of the gums; the mouth is dry. Headache, joint and muscle pain, itching, hives, and fever are also possible. Anaphylactic shock rarely occurs.

Stomatitis caused by sulfonamides manifests itself in the following way: uneven redness followed by the appearance of red-blue spots, vesicular formations that "burst", leaving an ulcer. The rash is possible not only in the mouth, but also on the skin of the face around the lips.

As for the reaction to bromine and iodine, the oral cavity becomes edematous, there is pain in the gums, profuse salivation, allergic rhinitis. The mucous membrane of the oral cavity is covered with granulomas, vesicles, iodine acne.

How to treat drug-induced stomatitis?

The most important thing is to exclude the drug that caused the stomatitis. The types of drugs used and the duration of their use depend on the severity of the stomatitis. Most often, they use:

• "Diphenhydramine" - under strict supervision of a doctor, as it is a narcotic drug that can cause hallucinations, sleep, and cases of death are not excluded. In addition, it is impossible to buy it in a pharmacy without a prescription with a seal;
• "Calcium chloride" is administered intravenously in 5-10 ml of a ten percent solution. And again, you should not self-medicate, especially since there are likely to be side effects - bradycardia, and if administered incorrectly - ventricular fibrillation. There are also contraindications: thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, hypercalcemia, atherosclerosis;
• painkillers and antiseptics.

Fixed drug-induced stomatitis is accompanied by the following symptoms: spots in the oral cavity, the size of which reaches 1.5 cm. Each spot is filled with liquid collected in a separate bubble. It bursts almost immediately after occurrence. In case of repeated disease, the bubble appears in the same place. In addition, bubble formations can also be on the genitals. The main causes of stomatitis are the use of barbiturates, tetracycline and sulfonamides.

You can get rid of fixed drug-induced stomatitis by stopping the use of drugs that caused this reaction in the body; taking antihistamines: "Loratadine", "Diazolin" and others, antiseptic solutions.

Antihistamines have virtually no contraindications (Loratadine - contraindications: pregnancy, lactation, children under 2 years old; Diazolin - contraindications: gastrointestinal problems, hypersensitivity). But this does not mean that a consultation with a doctor is not necessary.

Radiation stomatitis

With this diagnosis, there are pinpoint hemorrhages on the oral mucosa during meals; dry mouth; decreased taste sensations. In addition, the tongue acquires a rough texture, the mucous membrane becomes bluish, and saliva is viscous. The disease is accompanied by erosions and an unpleasant odor from the mouth. Due to acute severe pain, patients try not to eat.

The causes of stomatitis in this situation are as follows: incorrectly installed fillings and metal crowns; radioactive isotopes used in agriculture, as well as in medicine.

The beginning of treatment consists of eliminating the causes of stomatitis, that is, removing all irritating factors, for example, replacing fillings or crowns. Then local therapy is carried out, which includes the removal of tartar; for rinsing the mouth, a 0.1% solution of potassium permanganate, 1% solution of hydrogen peroxide, a solution of biomycin 100,000 IU in 0.05 l of water are prescribed; a protein diet with vitamins.

Drug-induced stomatitis

Drug-induced stomatitis is an allergic reaction of the body to certain medications. Accordingly, the causes of stomatitis are medications: immunomodulators, antibacterial, cytological drugs.

As for the symptoms, they can be completely different, as drug-induced stomatitis can be catarrhal, catarrhal-hemorrhagic, erosive-ulcerative, ulcerative-necrotic, cheilitis, glossitis; fixed and widespread drug-induced stomatitis.

Now let's move on to treatment. As has already been noted, all stomatitis is treated by eliminating the cause of stomatitis, that is, irritating factors. Therefore, in the case of drug-induced stomatitis, it is necessary to stop taking medications. Then stomatitis is treated depending on the clinical picture, namely, if drug-induced stomatitis has a catarrhal form, then catarrhal stomatitis should be treated, if erosive-ulcerative, then erosive-ulcerative stomatitis is treated, and so on.

We discussed methods of treating these types of stomatitis above.

Stomatitis after tooth extraction

There are cases when a removed tooth becomes the cause of stomatitis. Now a whole bunch of questions arise. Why is there a possibility of stomatitis after tooth extraction? Can the choice of a doctor affect the occurrence of this disease? How to prevent possible stomatitis? What to do if the disease has already caught up with you?

So, the answer to the first question.

The oral mucosa is most at risk of infection with any dental diseases at the very moment when its surface is irritated. During examination and treatment, the doctor disturbs the diseased tooth with special devices, touching the gum, which irritates the mucous membrane. But compliance with hygiene rules on the part of the doctor eliminates the risk of stomatitis to the maximum minimum. That is, the main cause of stomatitis after tooth extraction, in simple terms, is dirt.

Now the second question. Of course, a lot depends on the doctor. As a rule, this is possible in state clinics, where treatment is free. But the option of getting sick in a private expensive hospital is not excluded. Everything depends on the doctor's attitude to his work. Basically, dentists are chosen based on someone's recommendation. Again, as for the cause of stomatitis, the main factor here is poorly processed devices.

Preventive methods that can prevent the occurrence of stomatitis after tooth extraction consist, first of all, in the choice of a doctor. Before the appointment, you can rinse your mouth with antiseptic solutions.

Regarding treatment, Shostakovsky's balm is an ideal option, and the ulcers will go away within one or two days. But, in any case, a visit to the dentist is necessary.

Contact stomatitis

Contact stomatitis is characterized by several symptoms, as "contact" means that the disease is transmitted through household items or other contact with sick people. The group of contact stomatitis includes:

• herpetic stomatitis,
• vesicular stomatitis,
• ulcerative necrotic.

The course of treatment is prescribed in accordance with the type of disease. And here are the causes of stomatitis - contact with a sick person or animal.

How to eliminate the causes of contact stomatitis? It is impossible to do this, but there are preventive methods. It is necessary to limit communication with a sick person to a minimum, but not everyone talks about their illnesses. Therefore, you should make sure that the workplace has individual dishes, your personal hygiene products, including a hand towel, and wash your hands before eating.

Regarding the treatment of contact stomatitis, it is necessary to initially determine a specific diagnosis.

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Denture stomatitis

Denture stomatitis is typical for elderly people due to their age-related changes in internal organs, especially chronic diseases of the digestive system. Among patients, the majority are women.

The main causes of stomatitis are not the age or gender of a person, but the incorrect technology of manufactured dentures. Dentures also require special hygiene products, for example, Protefix Cleansing Tablets (gels, powders from the same company), President Cream from the manufacturer Betafarma SpA, COREGA paste for fixing dentures, special brushes for cleaning dentures. Lack of proper care for dentures can also provoke denture stomatitis.

To finally establish the causes of stomatitis, it is necessary to find out the history of the origin of stomatitis itself.

So, by origin, denture stomatitis can be:

• traumatic;
• toxic;
• allergic;
• acquired on the basis of physical factors.

The pathological process has the following form:

• catarrhal;
• erosive;
• ulcerative;
• ulcerative-necrotic;
• hyperplastic.

The disease can progress as follows:

• sharp;
• subacute;
• chronically.

In addition, SOPRiYA identifies the following pathological changes:

• focal;
• diffuse.

As for the severity of the disease, the following stages are noted:

• light;
• moderate severity;
• severe degree of severity.

Basically, denture stomatitis appears almost immediately after the installation of removable dentures due to inappropriate sizes and shapes of the base or other errors in relation to established standards regarding the application of dentures.

How to treat traumatic stomatitis? Initially, it is necessary to eliminate the causes of stomatitis, that is, in this case, an incorrectly installed denture. The denture is either completely replaced with another one, or adjusted in accordance with the required standards. Further treatment depends on how exactly stomatitis develops, on its form and specific pathologies, which we discussed above. But, be that as it may, antiseptics such as "Decatylene", "Methylene blue" or "Iodine-povidone", and denture care products are used. In any case, the dentist will identify the type and form of stomatitis during the denture correction process and, naturally, prescribe treatment.

Toxic stomatitis

Above we looked at, it would seem, all types of stomatitis, but no, there are exactly as many of them as there are pathogens of this disease. So, another type of stomatitis is toxic. Here the causes of stomatitis are: the body's reaction to the effects of "heavy" metals that enter the mucous membrane of the oral cavity due to electrochemical processes between metal prostheses.

Toxic stomatitis is characterized by the following symptoms: acid taste; burning tongue; hypersalivation; damage to the general nervous system; gastrointestinal inflammatory processes. Regarding the burning tongue, it can be said that the sensations depend on the number of installed metal dentures, the period of their existence in the mouth. Some complain of unbearable burning, others - of tolerable sensations. Sometimes burning tongue is accompanied by headache and poor sleep.

Hypersalivation makes itself known within 7 days after the installation of bridges (made of 900-carat gold, stainless steel) prostheses. In this case, saliva acquires an excessively “liquid” base due to ptyalism.

Hydrogen ions create an acidic taste in the mouth, especially when eating acidic foods. This is usually possible after fixing dentures made of different metals.

Paresthesia is typical in cases where the nervous state is disturbed, irritability for example. It manifests itself as a sensation of tingling, numbness, burning, etc.

In case of toxic stomatitis, consultation with a dentist should not be postponed, as it is necessary to eliminate the causes of stomatitis and start its urgent treatment, since the effect of metals is harmful not only for the oral mucosa, but also for the whole body. For example, chemical irritants (chloride salts of zinc, copper, cobalt) in metal dentures can affect the peripheral nervous system. The content of leukocytes and erythrocytes in the blood also changes.

Many people neglect medical consultation and look for solutions to the problem online. But in this situation it is impossible, since the treatment consists of removing dentures and other orthopedic devices in the oral cavity. Regarding drug treatment here it is generally very difficult to say, since the diagnosis itself causes difficulties. Before prescribing medication, the dentist sends for a comprehensive examination, including laboratory tests and the involvement of interns. Only after this can we talk about medications.

Stomatitis during teething

The most difficult period for a child and his parents is the period of teething. At this time, a high body temperature, diarrhea, poor health, pain in the gums and even stomatitis are possible. What are the causes of stomatitis during teething?

At this time, the oral mucosa is subject to inflammatory processes, and stomatitis is no exception. Plaque on the tongue and bad breath are the first signs of stomatitis. It is clear that a visit to the doctor is mandatory. Such stomatitis is treated with antiseptic solutions "Methylene blue", for example, as well as "Baby-Dent" - a drug developed specifically for children who have entered the period of teething. "Baby-Dent" - relieves toothache, reduces gum inflammation, and is also an excellent antiseptic.

More severe forms of the disease cannot be ruled out: the presence of ulcers, white plaque, temperature up to 40º, refusal to eat, moodiness, excessive salivation, redness and swelling of the oral mucosa.

Causes of Stomatitis in Adults

Adults are susceptible to diseases of this kind not only due to poor hygiene, but also due to other factors that can cause stomatitis. The causes of stomatitis in adults can be different:

• contact - contact with a sick person,
• bacterial - stomatitis caused by bacteria,
• viral - stomatitis based on the presence of viruses in the body,
• traumatic - stomatitis resulting from trauma,
• drug-induced - stomatitis, the basis of which is taking medications, for example, antibiotics and analgesics,
• prosthetic and so on.

We analyzed all these diseases and causes of stomatitis above.

It is impossible to completely eliminate the causative agent of stomatitis, but for prevention, we repeat again, it is necessary to use personal utensils for eating and wash hands regularly. Do not forget about preventive examination by a dentist.

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Causes of Stomatitis in Children

Just like adults, children are susceptible to this disease for various reasons, but most often, the pathogens include: fungal infections, viruses, bacteria. Yes, and I would also like to tell parents that the temperature (low - ice cream, or high - hot soup) of food products are also causes of stomatitis. You should monitor what your child eats, since at this age it is food that affects the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and other organs. Children need to regularly examine the oral cavity, since there may be microtraumas into which an infection can get. That is, any mechanical damage is an "entrance" for the disease. If microtraumas are detected, the wounds should be treated with antiseptics "Decatylene", "Methylene blue", "Iodine-povidone" or rinse the mouth with "Furacilin".

Contact causes of stomatitis. In childhood, it is difficult to understand that communicating with peers can lead to a disease. Moreover, stomatitis can be transmitted not only through shared items, but also by airborne droplets.

No matter how accessible treatment with folk methods may seem, diagnosis by a traditional specialist is very important, since only in this way can the causes of stomatitis be identified and the correct treatment prescribed.

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