Azitro sandoz

Azithro Sandoz is an antibiotic from the macrolide category. Its active ingredient is the azalide azithromycin, which has an antimicrobial effect on most bacteria.

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Indications Azitro sandoz

It is used to eliminate diseases of infectious origin:

• bronchitis with otitis, tonsillitis with sinusitis and pharyngitis, and in addition, pulmonary inflammation (moderate or mild);
• impetigo, secondary pyodermatoses and erysipelas;
• diseases affecting the genitourinary tract (caused by the activity of chlamydia);
• pathologies in the area of skin and soft tissues.

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Release form

It is produced in tablets (for adults), and also in the form of powder for suspensions (for children).

The suspension is contained in 20 ml glass bottles. Inside the box there is 1 bottle with powder and a measuring syringe.

The tablets are contained in blister packs. The number of tablets is determined by the size of their dosage: 0.25 g - 6 pieces; 0.5 g - 3 pieces. Inside the pack - 1 blister plate.

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Pharmacodynamics

The active element of the drug slows down the processes of protein binding of bacteria, preventing the translocation of peptides, and in addition, it is synthesized with a special unit of ribosomes - the 50S element. It should be noted that the drug does not affect the binding of polynucleotides and does not have bacteriostatic properties.

Resistance to drugs may develop. Both congenital and acquired resistance types are distinguished. Complete cross-resistance is observed between erythromycin and azithromycin. Streptococci with staphylococci, aerobes (such as neisseria with moraxella) and anaerobes (such as clostridia with fusobacteria), as well as chlamydia, legionella and mycoplasma are sensitive to the drug.

Innate resistance is observed in MRSE and MRSA types of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, as well as Enterococcus, Klebsiella and Escherichia coli.

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Pharmacokinetics

When using the drug per os, the bioavailability level reaches 37%. After 2-3 hours, the peak indicator of the drug is noted. After oral administration, the active element quickly passes into the tissues with liquids, having a uniform distribution. The active substance of the drug is able to pass into the skin, organs and tissues of the genitourinary tract, soft tissues and the respiratory system.

Azithromycin accumulation inside cells is observed, due to which its level inside tissues is almost 50 times higher than plasma values. This indicates a high affinity of the drug to tissues, and also demonstrates that the antibiotic has poor protein synthesis inside plasma.

When using 0.5 g of Azitro Sandoz, the active ingredient indicator inside the lungs, prostate, as well as the oropharynx and other target organs is higher than MIC90 for pathogenic flora. The active component can accumulate inside phagocytes with fibroblasts in large volumes. Phagocytes help move azithromycin to the area of the inflammatory focus.

The bactericidal properties of the drug remain at the site of inflammation inside target organs for 5-7 days after the last dose is taken, which allows azithromycin to be used in short courses, no more than 3-5 days.

12% of the unchanged substance is excreted from the body within 3 days - through urine and kidneys. The highest values of unchanged azithromycin are observed in bile. The processes of demethylation, hydroxylation, and other metabolic reactions form 10 metabolic products that do not have an antimicrobial effect.

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Dosing and administration

Use of tablets.

The drug should be taken orally, once a day, with a tablet of plain water. It is recommended to take it 60 minutes before a meal or 120 minutes after - due to the fact that food interferes with the full absorption of the active element.

To eliminate infections affecting the ENT system, skin, respiratory organs and soft tissues: a single dose of 0.5 g of the drug per day for 3 days. Another treatment regimen can also be used: on the 1st day, take 0.5 g of the drug, and then (for another 4 days) take the medicine in a dosage of 0.25 g. For the entire course, it is necessary to take 1.5 g of the active ingredient in total.

To cure erythema migrans, you need to take 0.5 g of the medicine for 5 days (or according to the scheme - 1 g on the 1st day, and 0.5 g on the following 4 days).

For the treatment of chlamydia and other infections in the genitourinary area: single use of 1 g of the drug.

In case of kidney diseases and problems with kidney function (diagnosed increase in CC values above 40 ml/minute), no change in the treatment regimen is required. If liver failure is observed, the drug should be discontinued, because it undergoes metabolic processes in the liver, and some of its metabolic products are excreted with bile.

Using the suspension.

Shake the bottle with the powder thoroughly, then pour in regular water (10 ml), and then shake until the powder turns into a homogeneous mixture. When adding water into the bottle, use the supplied adapter. Shake the bottle before each new use. To obtain the required dosage, place the nozzle of the dosing syringe inside the adapter.

When filling the suspension, turn the bottle upside down and then tightly seal it with a lid. The medicine can be washed down with plain water or juice. It is allowed to use the suspension without regard to food intake. The treatment regimen is similar to the scheme for using Azitro Sandoz tablets: taking 0.5 g for 3 days.

For urethritis or cervicitis (uncomplicated): take 1 g of the drug once. If complications of the disease are observed, it is necessary to take 1 g of the drug on the 1st, 7th, and 14th days of the course. The total dose of the antibiotic per course is 3 g.

The drug in forms 100 and 200 is used to treat children. The daily dose should be calculated in the ratio of 10 mg/kg. The duration of such a course is 3 days.

There is also another treatment regimen: use a dosage on the first day that is determined at a rate of 10 mg/kg, and then, over the next 4 days, use a dose determined at a rate of 5 mg/kg.

When treating pharyngitis caused by pyogenic streptococcus, the treatment regimen must be selected individually.

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Use Azitro sandoz during pregnancy

Azitro Sandoz does not have a teratogenic or embryotoxic effect, but the active element of the drug can penetrate the placenta, which is why it can affect the fetus.

Breastfeeding should be avoided during therapy.

Contraindications

Among the contraindications:

• electrolyte imbalance;
• the presence of intolerance to the medication;
• hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia;
• hypersensitivity to macrolides;
• severe liver pathology;
• severe heart failure;
• bradycardia or arrhythmia;
• infants under six months of age.

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Side effects Azitro sandoz

The use of the drug may cause the development of the following side effects:

• immune manifestations, blood flow and lymphatic damage: development of anaphylaxis, hemolytic anemia, and also thrombocytopenia;
• digestive dysfunction: the appearance of diarrhea syndrome, spasms, bloating, pain in the epigastrium. Development of intrahepatic cholestasis, constipation, liver necrosis (rarely), vomiting, hepatitis and pseudomembranous colitis. Also observed is an increase in bilirubin values, dyspepsia and a change in the shade of the teeth and tongue;
• damage to the nervous system: the appearance of a feeling of drowsiness, strong excitement, aggression and nervousness, as well as headaches, depressive mood, paresthesia, hyperactivity. Also the development of delirium or fainting, as well as a disorder of taste buds;
• disorders of the cardiovascular system: ventricular tachycardia, increased heart rate and the appearance of pain behind the breastbone;
• other symptoms: hearing impairment (deafness occasionally develops), the appearance of urticaria, itching or rash on the skin, asthenia, erythema multiforme, angioedema, arthralgia or tubulointerstitial nephritis.

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Overdose

The use of excessive doses of the drug may cause hearing loss (this disorder is reversible). Vomiting, diarrhea syndrome or dyspeptic symptoms are often observed.

Azitro Sandoz has no antidote. Timely treatment procedures are required: gastric lavage, administration of enterosorbents, and syndrome-based therapy.

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Interactions with other drugs

Antacids, ethyl alcohol and food interfere with the absorption of azithromycin, which is why the drug should be taken either 60 minutes before a meal or 120 minutes after it.

Lincosamides weaken the effects of drugs, and the opposite effect is observed when combined with tetracycline or chloramphenicol.

The drug can change the pharmacokinetic parameters of atorvastatin, didanosine with theophylline, carbamazepine with sildenafil and fluconazole, zidovudine and cetirizine with rifabutin and indinavir sulfate, as well as midazolam and co-trimoxazole.

Efavirenz with fluconazole has a weak effect on the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug. It is necessary to monitor the indicators of cyclosporine with phenytoin in the blood if it is necessary to take them together with Azitro Sandoz.

When used in combination with the drug, a potentiation of the toxic properties of ergot alkaloids is observed (the development of vasospasms and dysesthesia is noted).

The drug may increase digoxin levels in the blood, which may lead to side effects.

Nelfinavir increases the peak and AUC levels of the drug, which may affect the function of the auditory organs and liver.

When combined with warfarin, hemorrhage may occur, so PT values should be closely monitored.

The drug has drug incompatibility with heparin.

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Storage conditions

Azitro Sandoz in tablets and powder should be kept under standard conditions at a temperature not exceeding 25 ^o C.

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Shelf life

Azitro Sandoz is allowed to be used for 2 years from the date of release of the drug. The finished suspension can be used for 5 days.

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Reviews

Azitro Sandoz is well tolerated. Among the side effects, patients most often note the appearance of nausea, constipation, epigastric discomfort and dry mouth. To maintain your own intestinal microflora, it is recommended to combine prebiotics with eubiotics.

Reviews show that the drug quickly eliminates sinusitis and pharyngitis, as well as other infections.