Atheroma on the abdomen

In the morphological sense, the abdominal skin differs little from the skin of other zones. It also contains all the structural parts - the epidermis, the dermis itself, the subcutaneous tissue and the fat layer. However, there are also zones in which the sebaceous glands are more voluminous, in addition, their function can be affected by the hormonal system. Such specific zones include the abdominal zone, which is considered estrogen-dependent, especially in female patients.

An atheroma on the abdomen is rarely congenital, more often it is defined as a retention cyst - secondary atheroma. The development of such benign formations is associated with the fact that in the abdominal area there are many cells - lipocytes, the receptors of which are extremely sensitive to changes in estrogen levels. In a cosmetic sense, such vulnerability manifests itself as the accumulation of lipid deposits, visually defined as cellulite. Lipid deposits provoke the formation of stretch marks (striae), hyperkeratosis, rosacea and quite often - atheromatosis. In addition, the skin of the abdomen is prone to hypersecretion of sebum (hyperfunction of the sebaceous glands), which in turn provokes the appearance of comedones, acne, atheromatous cysts.

Atheroma on the abdomen requires careful differentiation, since fibromas, lipomas, and hernias often develop in this area. Diagnostics involves examination of the abdominal area, palpation, and possibly biopsy. If atheroma is confirmed, the choice of treatment is in favor of surgical removal, during which tissue sampling for histology is considered mandatory.

[ 1 ], [ 2 ], [ 3 ], [ 4 ], [ 5 ], [ 6 ], [ 7 ], [ 8 ]

Atheroma of the umbilicus

Umbilicus or omphalos is an umbilical scar that forms at the site of the fallen umbilical cord, this area - regio umbilicalis, is considered one of the most complex areas of the anterior abdominal wall, since many important structures of the body develop under the umbilical ring during the formation of the fetus, such as arteries, umbilical vein, urinary and yolk ducts. Since there is no preperitoneal and subcutaneous lipid layer (fat) in the omphalos area, but there are quite a lot of sebaceous glands, an umbilical atheroma often forms in this part of the body. Such benign neoplasms are easily determined visually, since the skin above the navel is closely adjacent to the umbilical ring, scar tissue due to the almost complete absence of fascia and fatty layer. This explains the prevalence of all kinds of hernias, tumor-like formations in the navel area, where the skin is not dense and is not protected by subcutaneous tissue.

Atheroma of the umbilicus is most often diagnosed as congenital, true; less often, a secondary retention cyst of the sebaceous gland is detected, which can develop against the background of a purulent process in the abdominal cavity and a partial breakthrough of the abscess through the navel.

Atheroma is not the only possible neoplasm in the umbilical area, therefore it requires detailed examination and differential diagnostics. Sebaceous gland cyst should be distinguished from such diseases of the skin, soft tissues, excretory ducts:

• Fibromas.
• Less common are lipomas (fatty tumors).
• Adenomas.
• Hernias.
• Chronic omphalitis is an inflammatory process of the skin caused by infection of the umbilical wound.
• Fungus is a granuloma caused by a prolonged healing process of the umbilical wound.
• Roser's cyst is a non-closure of the vitelline duct, located just below the navel.
• Urachus cyst is an intrauterine pathology, non-closure of the urethra, in the middle part of which a cyst is formed, increasing with age. The disease is diagnosed mainly in male patients; in young children, the urachus cyst manifests itself as omphalitis (compaction and purulent inflammation of the navel area).

Atheroma of the umbilicus is treated surgically, during the operation it is necessary to take tissue for cytology and histology. As a rule, atheroma in the umbilical area detected in infants is subject to long-term observation, its removal is indicated only in emergency cases - inflammation, suppuration of the neoplasm. A sebaceous gland cyst in the umbilical area in adults is excised on a planned basis, most often on an outpatient basis. Recurrence of atheroma on the umbilicus is rare and may be associated with incomplete enucleation (removal) of the cyst.

[ 9 ], [ 10 ], [ 11 ], [ 12 ], [ 13 ], [ 14 ]