Abactal

If we speak in a more general sense and about its effects on the body, then “Abactal” has an antibacterial effect against infectious diseases:

• urinary tract and kidneys,
• for prostatitis, adnexitis and similar infectious diseases of the pelvis,
• respiratory tract and ENT organs, and so on.

[ 1 ], [ 2 ]

Indications Abactal

As we have already said, "Abactal" is prescribed by a doctor. Without his permission, it is almost impossible to buy this medicine.

So, in what cases can a doctor prescribe treatment with this particular medicine? As a result of the presence of infections:

• in the kidneys and urinary tract,
• in the pelvic organs,
• in the respiratory tract and ENT organs, there is also a severe form of external otitis, chronic sinusitis and the like,
• in the gastrointestinal tract, including typhoid fever, salmonellosis, etc.,
• in the liver and bile ducts,
• in the abdominal cavity, peritonitis, intra-abdominal abscesses inclusive,
• regarding the musculoskeletal system (joints, bones, connective tissues), in particular osteomyelitis,
• in soft tissues caused by staphylococci or penicillin-resistant bacteria.

Also, "Abactal" is effective in infectious diseases such as gonorrhea, sepsis, bacterial endocarditis, meningeal infections. In addition, it is an ideal preventive measure against infections in people with immunodeficiency. Simultaneous administration with other antimicrobial agents is used as monotherapy.

Release form

"Abactal" is an oval tablet covered with a white or yellowish film coating. The tablet itself has a horizontal division in the form of a strip, each half of which is convex.

1 tablet contains pefloxacin mesylate dihydrate - 558.5 mg, pefloxacin - 400 mg.

Excipients include:

• 32 mg cornstarch,
• 79.5 mg lactose monohydrate,
• 32 mg povidone,
• 32 mg sodium carboxymethyl starch,
• 27 mg talc,
• 2 mg colloidal silicon dioxide anhydrous,
• 7 mg magnesium stearate.

The tablet shell consists of:

• 13.166 mg hypromellose,
• 2.09 mg titanium dioxide,
• 854 mcg talc,
• 400 - 1.79 mg macrogol,
• 100 mcg carnauba wax.

"Abactal" is sold in a cardboard package, which contains the blister with tablets (10 pieces in one blister). The instructions are also included.

As for "Abactal" in the form of ampoules, it is a transparent light yellow or yellow solution, which is intended for intravenous administration, where one ampoule contains 1 ml of liquid, which includes:

• 80 mg 400 mg - pefloxacin in the form of mesylate,
• auxiliary components:
  • ascorbic acid,
  • sodium metabisulfite,
  • disodium edetate,
  • benzyl alcohol,
  • sodium bicarbonate,
  • distilled water.

The cardboard packaging contains pallets with 10 ampoules.

[ 3 ]

Pharmacodynamics

"Abactal" is a member of the fluoroquinolone group and is a synthetic antimicrobial agent. It has a bactericidal property, possessing diverse antibacterial actions.

Pefloxacin, which is the main component of "Abactal", performs the function of suppressing DNA replication, affects RNA and the course of bacterial cell biosynthesis. It also has a suppressive effect on aerobic microbes.

If we talk about gram-negative bacteria, they are susceptible to the drug in any state, both resting and in the division phase. As for gram-positive bacteria, they are sensitive only in the division process.

"Abactal" is able to eliminate the following types of microbes in the human body:

• Escherichia coli,
• Enterobacter spp.,
• Citrobacter spp.,
• Indole positive proteus,
• Haemophilus ducreyi,
• Haemophilus influenzae,
• Klebsiella spp.,
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae,
• Neisseria meningitidis,
• Proteus mirabilis,
• Pneumococcus spp.,
• Pseudomonas spp.,
• Salmonella spp and many others.

[ 4 ]

Pharmacokinetics

Suction

Pefloxacin, which is the active substance of "Abactal", after oral administration, is easily excreted from the gastrointestinal tract. Its maximum peak is reached after 1 - 1.5 hours after consumption. Bioavailability is almost 100%.

[ 5 ], [ 6 ]

Distribution

The level of plasma-protein association is 25–30%.

Pefloxacin also enters the organs, tissues and body fluids at high speed, including: the mitral valve, aortic valves, heart muscle, abdominal cavity, bones, peritoneal fluid, prostate gland, gall bladder, sputum, saliva. The content of pefloxacin in blood plasma is lower than in the mentioned fluids and tissues.

[ 7 ]

Metabolism and excretion

In the liver, "Abactal" is biotransformed. If we talk about T1/2, then the figure is approximately 10.5 hours. Provided that the kidneys and liver function normally, then about half of the administered substance is excreted in the urine in its natural form, and within 48 hours in the form of metabolites. Somewhere around 20-30% of the active substance is excreted in the bile.

"Abactal", the pharmacokinetics of which in special clinical cases:

If the patient has renal dysfunction, then T1/2 and its plasma concentration remain unchanged.

If this question concerns the liver, then T1/2 increases, and the plasma concentration decreases, and the difference in numbers is very significant.

Dosing and administration

And now, about the most important thing, how to use "Abactal":

• average daily intake 800 mg,
• maximum - 1.2 g,
• Directions: 1 tablet (400 mg) 2 times a day every 12 hours.

To treat some infectious diseases associated with the genitourinary system, resort to the following proportions: in the morning or in the evening, that is, once a day - 400 mg of "Abactal".

Uncomplicated gonorrhea, in both men and women, is treated in the following way: a single daily dose of 800 mg.

Liver failure is eliminated with the following doses: 400 mg every day or every other day. Depends on the doctor's recommendations.

To avoid gastrointestinal disturbances, tablets should be taken during meals.

In the form of an infusion, "Abactal" has the following dosage: 400 mg every 12 hours, the duration of the infusion is 1 hour. But, initially, the contents of the ampoule, namely 400 mg, are mixed with a 5% dextrose or glucose solution - 250 ml. It is strictly forbidden to mix this drug with a sodium chloride solution, as well as with those solutions that contain chlorine ions.

For preventive purposes related to infectious complications in surgery, intravenous administration of the mixture is prescribed, where a single dose is from 400 mg to 800 mg one hour before surgery.

Regarding liver diseases: intravenous drip administration - 8 mg/1 kg of body weight. The infusion lasts an hour on average.

The infusion interval for patients with jaundice is once a day; for those suffering from ascites, once every 36 hours; for those with both jaundice and ascites, once every two days.

Elderly people, especially those with impaired renal function, are recommended to reduce the dose regardless of the form of the drug, that is, both with intravenous administration and with oral administration.

[ 12 ]

Use Abactal during pregnancy

Such a strong antibacterial drug as Abactal should not be taken during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

The fact is that the properties of this medication can have the most unpredictable impact on the child’s health, especially if you take into account its side effects or carefully consider the contraindications.

Studies have shown that the active substance of the drug, pefloxacin, has the toxic properties of monofluoroquinolones on cartilage tissue in pregnant women.

Therefore, during this period it is better to replace Abactal with another drug, and nursing mothers should stop the lactation process.

Contraindications

As discussed above, pefloxacin has a negative effect on pregnancy and is contraindicated for women during breastfeeding. This category also includes minors with increased sensitivity to quinolones.

In addition, Abactal is not recommended for use in people with disorders of the central nervous system, including epileptic syndrome of unknown origin, renal or hepatic insufficiency, or acute hepatic insufficiency.

"Abactal" should be taken or administered intravenously only under the strict supervision of a physician, since its actions can cause significant harm to the body.

[ 8 ]

Side effects Abactal

Now let's look at the side effects that are possible as a result of using Abactal in any of its pharmacological forms.

So, "Abactal" is capable of producing the following side effects:

A) from the digestive system:

• decreased appetite or complete loss of appetite,
• dyspepsia,
• nausea, vomiting and diarrhea,
• increased activity of liver enzymes,
• increased levels of bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase,
• rarely, but pseudomembranous colitis is possible;

B) from the central nervous system:

• headache and dizziness,
• anxiety, irritability, increased mental arousal,
• insomnia, depression,
• visual impairment,
• hallucinations, confusion, tremors,
• rarely, but convulsions are possible;

B) from the urinary system:

• hematuria,
• crystalluria,
• rare: interstitial nephritis;

C) from the musculoskeletal system:

• arthralgia,
• myalgia,
• tendonitis,
• rare: Achilles tendon rupture.

Among other things, "Abactal" can provoke a local reaction - phlebitis. Dermatological problems are also possible, here: itching and skin rash, including urticaria, redness of the skin. The option of transient changes concerning peripheral blood is not excluded.

[ 9 ], [ 10 ], [ 11 ]

Overdose

"Abactal" overdose may cause the following negative consequences:

• nausea, vomiting,
• mental agitation, confusion,
• severe situations: convulsions, loss of consciousness.

Treatment involves gastric lavage and the use of activated carbon. At the same time, medical control must be ensured, namely, it is necessary to regulate the supply of the body with a sufficient amount of fluid. Symptomatic therapy is performed if necessary. Hemodialysis is not able to rid the body of quinolone derivatives.

[ 13 ]

Interactions with other drugs

If Abactal is used simultaneously with antacids that contain magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide, the effect of pefloxacin is delayed. Therefore, the period between taking the drugs should be at least two hours.

When Abactal is taken simultaneously with Ranitidine or Cimetidine, the T1/2 of pefloxacin increases.

"Abactal" and indirect anticoagulants may enhance the effect of anticoagulants.

As a result of simultaneous administration with fluoroquinolones and cyclosporine, the possibility of an increase in the level of creatine and cyclosporine in the blood cannot be ruled out.

When combined with chloramphenicol or tetracyclines, it acts in an antagonistic manner.

The active component of "Abactal" - pefloxacin should never be mixed with solutions containing chlorine ions, as precipitation may occur.

[ 14 ], [ 15 ], [ 16 ]

Storage conditions

Any medical product requires proper storage conditions. "Abactal" is no exception, therefore, there are certain instructions for it:

• a dark and dry place is required for storing the medicine. Light and high temperatures can heat the medicine, resulting in the loss of its therapeutic properties. The storage temperature should not exceed 25°C,
• the drug has a whole list of contraindications, including persons under 18 years of age, which means that the action of "Abactal" can have a detrimental effect on the child's health. Therefore, access for children is absolutely limited,
• Again, due to the presence of contraindications, side effects and processes resulting from simultaneous administration with other drugs, “Abactal” should be stored in the package along with the instructions.

Special instructions

The drug is dispensed in pharmacies strictly on prescription, as its effects are not suitable for everyone. And in case of improper use or ignorance of possible side effects, contraindications, the manufacturer of "Abactal" is not responsible. Therefore, only a doctor can determine and establish the methods of use and duration of treatment.

Shelf life

When stored properly, "Abactal", both in ampoules and tablets, is valid for 3 years. In case of unsuitable storage conditions for the medicine, the shelf life may be significantly reduced, for which the manufacturer is not responsible.

Before purchasing a drug, you should pay attention to the production date, since after 3 years its medicinal properties will be exhausted.

If you have an expired medicine, regardless of whether it is in Abactal ampoules or tablets, you should throw it away. It is not for nothing that manufacturers indicate dates on the packaging!

[ 17 ]