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Fish oil: benefits, adverse effects

Medical expert of the article

Internist, infectious disease specialist
, medical expert
Last reviewed: 04.07.2025

Fish oil can be extracted directly or concentrated and placed in capsule form. Its active components are a-3 fatty acids [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)].

Fish oil

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The claimed effect of fish oil

Fish oil is used to prevent and treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Evidence strongly suggests that 800 to 1500 mg EPA/DHA/day reduces the risk of myocardial infarction and arrhythmic death in patients with a history of coronary artery disease and taking conventional medications. It also lowers triglyceride levels in a dose-dependent manner (25-40% with EPA/DHA 4 g/day) and slightly lowers blood pressure (2-4 mmHg with EPA/DHA >3 g/day). The mechanisms appear to be multiple but unknown. There is possible but unproven benefit in the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, treatment of anxiety, and prevention of cyclosporine nephrotoxicity.

Adverse Effects of Fish Oil

Fishy burps, nausea, and diarrhea may occur. Risk of bleeding increases with EPA/DHA > 3 g/day. Laboratory testing does not provide cause for concern about mercury contamination.

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