Isoprinosine

Immunity is the main protective force of the body. If the immune system works without failures, even when entering the body, bacteria and viruses cannot develop and multiply. If there are some violations in the work of the immune system, and it is not able to cope with its responsibilities, drugs come to the rescue that can support and increase human immunity, as, for example, the drug with immunostimulating and antiviral action "Isoprinosine" does.

The drug can be purchased at a pharmacy only with a doctor's prescription.

[ 1 ], [ 2 ], [ 3 ]

Indications Isoprinosine

Effective treatment of the majority of diseases requires the joint work of medications and the human body itself. Since many diseases develop precisely against the background of poor immunity, when the body is unable to fight a bacterial or viral infection, their treatment must begin with the activation of the body's defenses. One of the methods of such activation is taking immunostimulants, such as Isoprinosine.

Indications for the use of the drug "Isoprinosine" in connection with the above have a fairly extensive list:

• conditions indicating weak immunity, in particular frequent relapses of infectious diseases,
• as part of a comprehensive treatment for infectious diseases under the general name of ARVI, including the influenza virus,
• diseases caused by the herpes simplex virus: herpetic keratitis (eye herpes) and labial (on the lips and in the nose area) or genital herpes,
• diseases caused by the Varicella-Zoster virus: chickenpox and shingles, which is also viral in nature, unlike other types of shingles,
• a disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, which is a special form of the herpes virus type 4 (infectious mononucleosis),
• cytomegalovirus infection, or cytomegalovirus infection, caused by the herpes virus type 5,
• severe course of an infectious disease such as measles, the causative agent of which is a virus from the paramyxovirus family,
• diseases associated with the human papillomavirus (warts and condylomas, including anogenital warts, caused by genital papillomavirus infection, sexually transmitted, fibrous type of papilloma of the larynx or vocal cords, dysplasia of the cervix against the background of papillomavirus infection),
• a viral skin disease called molluscum contagiosum, caused by the same virus that causes smallpox.

But that's not all. The use of the drug "Isoprinosine" is justified in chronic infectious diseases localized in the respiratory or urinary system, viral bronchitis, hepatitis B and C, which have a viral etiology, epidemic parotitis ("mumps"). The drug is also indicated for such a "childhood" disease as subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, which is a complication after measles and is caused by the same virus, which was not completely destroyed at the time.

[ 4 ], [ 5 ]

Release form

The drug for maintaining the body's defense functions "Isoprinosine" has only one form of release. It is produced in the form of tablets containing 500 mg of inosine pranobex (inosiplex), which is the active substance of the drug.

The excipients are: mannitol (diuretic) and wheat starch 67 mg each, povidone as an enterosorbent in the amount of 10 mg and magnesium stearate or stearic acid for uniform distribution of the components in the tablets (total 6 mg).

The drug is presented in the form of white oblong tablets, convex on both sides, which have a score line on one side and have a slight amine aroma.

The tablets are placed in blisters of 10 pieces each. The blisters are packaged in cardboard boxes of 2, 3 and 5 pieces.

[ 6 ], [ 7 ], [ 8 ]

Pharmacodynamics

"Isoprinosine" is a drug that stimulates human immunity to fight various infections, including viral ones. It is a synthetic derivative of purine, a nitrogen-containing substance that is part of the human body and indirectly participates in many vital reactions in it.

The immunostimulating effect of the drug is due to its ability to restore the functions of leukocytes in conditions of reduced immunity. It promotes the proliferation of monocytes (large leukocytes), increasing the sensitivity of membrane receptors in E-lymphocytes, which are responsible for the quality of the body's immune response to any external interference. The drug also protects lymphocytes from the negative effects of glucocorticosteroids, which can reduce the activity of immune system cells, and ensures sufficient inclusion of thymidine in their composition, which increases their effectiveness.

The antiviral effect of the drug "Isoprinosine" is based on damage to the genetic apparatus of the virus, due to which its ability to reproduce is limited. In addition, the drug has a stimulating effect on macrophages that "devour and digest" foreign cells, including viral infection cells, activates the activity of cytokines responsible for the joint effective work of the nervous and immune systems, and the reproduction of immune system cells (T-lymphocytes).

The visible therapeutic and prophylactic effect of the drug is manifested in a decrease in the intensity of disease symptoms, rapid recovery of the body after illness, and an increase in the body's resistance to negative external influences.

[ 9 ], [ 10 ]

Pharmacokinetics

Oral administration of the drug is due to good absorption of the active substance from the gastrointestinal tract, the maximum concentration of which is observed after 1-2 hours.

Metabolism of inosiplex (the active substance) occurs quite quickly, resulting in the formation of uric acid, as in the metabolic reactions with respect to purines. The drug is excreted from the body through the kidneys in the form of metabolites, without accumulating in the body. Metabolites can be detected in urine within 2 days.

The half-life of the two components formed during the metabolism of the drug is 50 minutes and 3.5-4.5 hours.

[ 11 ], [ 12 ], [ 13 ], [ 14 ]

Dosing and administration

It is worth immediately recalling that the main condition for effective and safe use of drugs is their use strictly as prescribed by the doctor and in the dosage determined by him. The method of administration and dosage of drugs described in the instructions for them are approximate and somewhat averaged, since they do not take into account the individual characteristics of the body of each individual patient.

The method of application specified in the instructions for the drug "Isoprinosine" implies taking the tablets after meals. They should be washed down with a small amount of clean water.

According to the manufacturers' recommendations, the daily dosage of the drug should be calculated based on the patient's weight: 50 mg of the drug should be taken per kilogram of body weight (for adults, about 6-8 tablets). The daily dose should be divided into 3 or even 4 doses. The maximum daily dose for adults is 4 g.

But by and large, the dosage, frequency of drug administration and duration of therapy should be calculated not only based on body weight, but also taking into account the patient’s diagnosis.

Therapy of severe infectious diseases may require increasing the daily dosage of the drug to 100 mg per 1 kg of weight. Then the frequency of administration will be from 4 to 6 times. The therapeutic course for acute diseases is from 5 days to 2 weeks. The drug is discontinued 2 days after the complete disappearance of symptoms of the disease. In case of chronic course of the disease with frequent relapses, therapy is carried out in courses from 5 to 10 days, between which an 8-day break is required.

Maintenance therapy involves taking the drug for a month, 1-2 tablets per day.

If there is a herpes infection, the tablets should be taken for 5 to 10 days until the symptoms of the disease disappear. To prevent relapses of the disease, a preventive monthly course is recommended, when the drug is taken 2 times a day, 1 tablet.

For the treatment of papillomavirus infection, the drug is prescribed as monotherapy. Adults take 2 tablets 3 times a day, children's dosage is calculated individually at the rate of 1 tablet per 10 kg of weight per day (divided into 3-4 doses). The duration of therapy is from 2 to 4 weeks.

In case of chronic course of the disease and frequent relapses of anogenital condylomas, the therapeutic course is repeated three times. The interval between courses should be 1 month.

If the patient is diagnosed with uterine dysplasia caused by the papillomavirus, treatment with the drug as part of complex therapy is carried out according to the scheme: 2 tablets 3 times a day for a course of 10 days. The specified course is repeated 2-3 times. The interval between courses should be no less than 10 and no more than 14 days.

[ 19 ], [ 20 ], [ 21 ]

Use Isoprinosine during pregnancy

The use of the drug "Isoprinosine" during pregnancy and lactation is considered undesirable, although this is not indicated in the contraindications for use. The fact is that studies of the effect of the drug on the course of pregnancy, as well as the health of the mother and fetus on people have not been conducted, which means that the risk of developing various pathologies cannot be excluded.

Contraindications

Sometimes, the seemingly beneficial and relatively safe effect of a drug can be turned into harm if certain features of the drug related to its composition and pharmacokinetics are not taken into account.

In the case of the drug "Isoprinosine", contraindications for use associated with its pharmacokinetics include:

• chronic renal failure,
• urolithiasis (stones in the bladder),
• young children (up to 3 years) and low body weight (up to 20 kg).

As for the composition of the drug, it can provoke adverse reactions in patients with:

• hypersensitivity to the components of the drug,
• gout (the drug is a purine derivative, the excess of which causes the development of the above disease).

Sometimes arrhythmia is also noted, but this is a controversial issue. There is information that in the original instructions for the drug produced in Hungary, such a contraindication is not noted.

[ 15 ], [ 16 ]

Side effects Isoprinosine

Side effects of any drug, including the drug "Isoprinosine", are those undesirable symptoms that occur during therapy with this drug. Synthetic drugs usually have multiple side effects.

Side effects of Isoprinosine include:

• to gastrointestinal disorders in the form of abdominal pain, nausea, often accompanied by vomiting, short-term increase in the activity of liver enzymes (transaminase and alkaline phosphatase), less often to stool disorders (diarrhea or constipation),
• skin reactions such as itching,
• reactions of the nervous system (headaches, noticeable weakness and dizziness, less often sleep disturbances, manifested in the form of daytime sleepiness and insomnia at night),
• the development of polyuria (increased urination),
• frequent pain in the joints,
• exacerbation of gout,
• increased levels of uric acid in the blood.

[ 17 ], [ 18 ]

Overdose

Cases of overdose with the drug "Isoprinosine" are not described in the manufacturer's instructions.

[ 22 ], [ 23 ], [ 24 ]

Interactions with other drugs

"Isoprinosine" is not recommended to be taken simultaneously with drugs that artificially suppress the human immune system (immunosuppressants), which is necessary in the treatment of some autoimmune pathologies. Such interaction will neutralize the effectiveness of both drugs, especially "Isoprinosine".

As a result of the metabolism of the drug "Isoprinosine" uric acid (urea) is formed. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors, as well as anti-gout drugs (including diuretics) also tend to increase the level of uric acid in the blood plasma. Significantly increased levels of urea in the blood can cause the development of diseases such as gout, which limits joint mobility, urolithiasis and nephrolithiasis, characterized by long-term treatment with a high probability of surgical intervention, and also lead to intoxication of the whole body. For this reason, the combined use of the above-described drugs and "Isoprinosine" is considered undesirable.

[ 25 ], [ 26 ], [ 27 ]

Storage conditions

To avoid premature spoilage of the drug and other undesirable consequences, it is necessary to observe certain storage conditions specified in the instructions by the manufacturers. The storage temperature of the drug should not exceed 25 degrees. Store "Isoprinosine" in its original packaging, placing it in a dark place without access to moisture and light. Keep away from children.

[ 28 ], [ 29 ]

Special instructions

To avoid complications caused by increased levels of urea in the blood plasma, after 2 weeks of treatment with Isoprinosine, a control analysis of the uric acid content in the blood should be done.

Long-term use of the drug (more than 28 days) should be carried out against the background of monthly monitoring of liver and kidney function.

The drug does not affect memory and attention, so taking it cannot negatively affect the performance of work that requires increased concentration.

[ 30 ], [ 31 ], [ 32 ]

Shelf life

The drug's effectiveness remains intact throughout its shelf life, which is 5 years.

[ 33 ], [ 34 ], [ 35 ]