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Health

Genetic research

Hybridization in situ

The hybridization procedure can be carried out not only on the gel, on filters or in solution, but also on histological or chromosomal preparations. This method is called in situ hybridization.

Southern blotting

Southern blotting (developed by E. Southern and R. Davies in 1975) is the main method by which genes of a particular disease are being identified. For this, DNA from the patient's cells is extracted and processed with one of the restriction endonucleases (or several).

Karyotyping

For dyeing chromosomes, the Romanovsky-Giemsa dye, 2% acetaminomine or 2% acetazarine are more often used. They stain chromosomes entirely, uniformly (the routine method) and can be used to identify numerical anomalies of human chromosomes.

Determination of X- and Y-chromatin

The definition of X- and Y-chromatin is often called the method of express diagnostics of sex. Explore the cells of the mucosa of the mouth, vaginal epithelium or hair bulb. In the nuclei of cells of women in a diploid set, there are two chromosomes X, one of which is completely inactivated (spiralized, tightly packed) already in the early stages of embryonic development and is visible as a heterochromatin block attached to the core shell.

Genetic studies: indications, methods

In recent years, an increase in the proportion of hereditary diseases in the overall structure of diseases has been traced. In this regard, the role of genetic research in practical medicine is increasing. Without knowledge of medical genetics, it is impossible to effectively diagnose, treat, and prevent hereditary and congenital diseases.

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